Description and comparison of medication diversion in pharmacies by pharmacists, interns, and pharmacy technicians

Draime, Juanita A.; Anderson, Douglas C.; Anderson, Timothy S.

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2018.02.009

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Finally, rationalization may play a key role in medication diversion. Often diversion within a pharmacy setting results from the actions of pharmacy technicians who are estimated to make up three-fourths of all drug diversion cases [ 28 ]. There are no definitive studies explaining the reasons that pharmacy technicians constitute such a high percent of drug diversion cases.…”

Section: Discussion Of Fraud and Diversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy Internal Controls: A Call for Greater Vigilance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mason

2020

Pharmacy

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For businesses that store physical goods, managing product inventories and financial cost accounting controls are critical. Pharmacies are under considerable scrutiny, due to the nature of their merchandise, making internal controls even more vital. Due to the emergence of COVID-19 and government mitigation strategies, the US economy has seen significant macro- and microeconomic effects. COVID-19 has changed the pharmacy working environment, which could theoretically increase rates of employee drug diversion. Therefore, better inventory management could reduce the misuse of pharmaceutical drugs from fraudulent and drug diversion activities. The author explored secondary findings to create a multidisciplinary conceptual analysis of the reasons why internal controls executed with greater diligence may be needed to avoid damaging financial, legal, and health outcomes. The author also provides a review of available internal control methods that can be used to mitigate diversion.

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Section: Discussion Of Fraud and Diversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy Internal Controls: A Call for Greater Vigilance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mason

2020

Pharmacy

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“…As pharmacist work activities continue to evolve in the future, it is likely that pharmacy support personnel work activities will be impacted as well. A systematic review of pharmacy technician participation in support of medication therapy management service provision [42] has shown that they are most commonly provided assistance with medication reconciliation (70%), documentation (41%), and medication therapy review (30%). Actions least likely to be described include personal medication record development (5%), physical assessment (5%), follow-up (2%), and medication action plan development (0%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy Workforce Support Personnel

2020

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Hohmeier has an extensive background in pharmacy practice and practice-based and implementation science research, including post-graduate residency training in community pharmacy, credentials in lean six sigma and change leadership, and attending the University of Pennsylvania's Implementation Science Institute. He has successfully established and provided clinical pharmacist services within several community pharmacy settings in a wide variety of rural, suburban, and urban locations. His background also includes extensive leadership experience both in practice and within professional organizations, with past and current positions held at local, regional, and national levels including the American Pharmacists Association, Ohio Pharmacists Association, and Tennessee Public Health Association. His specific areas of research focus are in clinical service implementation in community pharmacy settings, medication therapy management, and innovative clinical pharmacy practice models. He has served as PI or Co-PI on 15 grant-funded projects, most of which explore expanded roles of pharmacy technicians and pharmacists in the community pharmacy to increase patient care activities, such as vaccinations, medication therapy management (MTM), and other clinical services. vii Preface to "Pharmacy Workforce Support Personnel" Pharmacy care has evolved considerably in recent decades. This evolution has quickened in recent years owing to the realization that pharmacy workforce support personnel, namely pharmacy technicians, had to become more widely recognized as integral to this transition. Much of the research on pharmacy technicians has occurred within the past 5-10 years. The research has centered on evolving scopes of practice, pharmacist delegation, quality of work life, and patient safety. This special themed issue of the journal, Pharmacy, is comprised of the most recent research and scholarly commentary on pharmacy technicians, addressing even more advanced roles, their certification and education, skills mix, desired characteristics by employers, and their job earnings, which still are lacking, given their new roles. The papers in this themed issue highlight the progress that has been made but also the challenges that still remain in the transitioning of pharmacy technician jobs into more stable, rewarding, and life-long careers.

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“…Indeed, the evaluation of the impact of certification alone on items such as communication and leadership were relatively low. Previous research has found community pharmacists of the mindset that technicians are the "face" of the pharmacy [41] and have also expressed concern about technicians dealing with controlled substances (i.e., issues around ethical decision making) [42]. Thus, while it is unlikely that anyone expects a self-study examination process to fully prepare technicians for specific job competencies and soft skills, respondents did think it was an important component to add and perhaps integrate with other types of education and training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value and Potential Integration of Pharmacy Technician National Certification into Processes That Help Assure a Competent Workforce

Desselle

McKeirnan

2019

Pharmacy

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The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine pharmacists’ perceptions of the impact of certification on competence in specific job skills, its impact in combination with job experience, and its impact in combination with other types of vocational education/training; (2) to identify elements that could potentially enhance the value, or impact of national certification; and (3) to determine how pharmacists view certification in light of various personnel management and organizational behavior phenomena. A self-administered survey was constructed and delivered in spring of 2019 to a random sample of four U.S. states chosen for their geographic diversity and relatively high proportions of both certified and non-certified pharmacy technicians. Following multiple reminders, a response rate of 19.3% was obtained. The 326 responding pharmacists saw certification being less impactful alone than when combined with other types of education/training and previous job experiences. They saw the need for more skills-related and “soft skills” content on the certification examination and agreed that certification is a factor in hiring decisions and that it should be required for designation for advanced practice status. Taken together, respondents saw the need for pharmacy leaders to integrate certification with other aspects of preparation to make for a more competent and professional workforce support team.

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Description and comparison of medication diversion in pharmacies by pharmacists, interns, and pharmacy technicians

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Pharmacy Internal Controls: A Call for Greater Vigilance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Pharmacy Internal Controls: A Call for Greater Vigilance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Pharmacy Workforce Support Personnel

The Value and Potential Integration of Pharmacy Technician National Certification into Processes That Help Assure a Competent Workforce

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