Description and classification of different types of lesion associated with natural paratuberculosis infection in sheep

Pérez, Valentín Pérez; Marı́n, Juan Francisco Garcı́a; Badiola, Juan José

doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(96)80001-6

Cited by 220 publications

(287 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ewes were classified retrospectively as either not histologically affected (not infected or latently infected) or histologically affected with Type 1, 2, 3a, 3b, or 3c ileal lesions (Table 1). 7 Livers were examined for the presence of spherical HEM consisting of epithelioid macrophages with clear and large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, with lightly staining HE foamy vacuolated cytoplasm, with or without acid-fast organisms with some lymphocytes present (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liver biopsy histopathology may provide an opportunity to identify JD in live sheep without surgery. The objectives of this study were to determine whether sheep with ileal lesions typical of Map have concurrent hepatic epithelioid macrophage microgranulomas (HEM), compare the sensitivity and specificity of liver histopathology with ELISA serology for diagnosis of ewes affected by Map, defined as those with Type 3b and 3c ileal lesions 7 (Table 1), and determine whether liver biopsy samples provide enough tissue for use as a diagnostic test.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Liver Biopsy Histopathology for Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Sheep

et al. 2014

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Sheep with Johne's disease develop epithelioid macrophage microgranulomas, specific to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) infection, in the terminal ileum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and organs distant to the alimentary tract such as the liver. The objectives of this study were to determine whether liver pathology was present in ewes affected by Map and whether liver cores provide adequate tissue for this potential diagnostic marker. One hundred and twenty-six adult, low body condition ewes were euthanized, necropsied, and underwent simulated liver biopsy. Ileal lesions typical of Map were found in 60 ewes. Hepatic epithelioid microgranulomas were observed in all ewes with Type 3b (n ¼ 40) and 82% (n ¼ 11) with Type 3c ileal lesions. None were found in ewes unaffected by Map or with Type 1, 2, or 3a ileal lesions. Liver biopsy core samples provided adequate tissue for histopathology with a sensitivity and specificity of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.99) and 100% (95% CI, 0.95-1), respectively for detection of types 3b and 3c ileal lesions.Keywords diagnostic test, ELISA, hepatic granuloma, hepatic epithelioid macrophage, histopathology, Johne's disease, liver biopsy, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), New Zealand, serology, sheep, sensitivity, specificityThe diagnosis of clinical Johne's disease (JD) in sheep is often made postmortem with examination of gross lesions including cording or lymphangitis of the ileal serosal lymphatics, lymphadenitis, and enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes and corrugated granulomatous thickening of the ileal mucosa with confirmation made histopathologically. In live sheep, available diagnostic tests include fecal culture, Ziehl Neelsen stained fecal smears identifying acid fast organisms (AFO), ELISA, Map-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), identification of Map specific peptides, and measuring the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as gamma interferon. Sheep with clinical JD have advanced ileal lesions with Map cultured from organs distant to the alimentary tract such as the peripheral lymph nodes, skeletal muscle, and liver as a result of Map bacteraemia and systemic infection. 2,4,8,9 The portal blood system facilitates Map infection of the liver, which is an organ readily accessed using routine biopsy in the live animal. Liver biopsy histopathology may provide an opportunity to identify JD in live sheep without surgery. The objectives of this study were to determine whether sheep with ileal lesions typical of Map have concurrent hepatic epithelioid macrophage microgranulomas (HEM), compare the sensitivity and specificity of liver histopathology with ELISA serology for diagnosis of ewes affected by Map, defined as those with Type 3b and 3c ileal lesions 7 (Table 1), and determine whether liver biopsy samples provide enough tissue for use as a diagnostic test.Adult, Romney composite mixed breed and mixed age ewes (>3 years old) from 7 North Island New Zealand farms, with a history of clinical JD and flock...

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Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Liver Biopsy Histopathology for Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Sheep

et al. 2014

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“…Paratuberculosis diagnosis in deer is based on Map detection in faeces, postmortem and histopathological examination of tissues (specially the lower part of the jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve and its associated lymph nodes) (Clarke 1997). Histopathological assessment includes different grading systems and disease classification, such as paucibacillary and multibacillary, already described for several species with paratuberculosis (Carrigan and Seaman 1990, Clarke and Little 1996, Perez et al 1996, Gonzalez et al 2005, Balseiro et al 2008, Clark et al 2010. However, the histopathological observation of lesions is insufficient to confirm the disease, especially due to the similarity of lesions caused by Map and M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. In Chile, information about Map isolation from both domestic ruminant and wildlife species has been accumulating, but it has extended to other species. In Chile, deer farming activity has been focused in hunting and meat production. No paratuberculosis surveillance has been reported for these source herds. In the present study, chronic diarrhea and poor body condition in some animals belonging to a deer farm was informed. Four adult affected hinds were euthanized under suspicion of paratuberculosis. In all animals macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with paratuberculosis were observed. Map-positive culture results from faecal and tissue samples, complemented with positive-PCR-results from fixed tissues are informed. Evidence has been found on cattle and deer populations being connected since molecular characterization of the Map isolated from deer lack of variation between the cattle control strain. The latter could indicate that both species share the same bacteria, suggesting there is interspecies transmission. Complementary diagnostic methods were accurate to diagnose paratuberculosis and to differentiate the clinical deer case from other mycobacterial infection. The epidemiological findings suggest that the infection in the deer farm could be transmitted from a cattle herd, making this the first reported case of paratuberculosis in deer farm in Chile.Key words: deer, histopathology, paratuberculosis, PCR. RESUMENMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) es el agente etiológico de la patuberculosis. En Chile, antecedentes del aislamiento de Map tanto en rumiantes domésticos como en especies de vida silvestre se han ido acumulando a través del tiempo, sin embargo, esto tiene que estar afectando también a otras especies. En Chile, la crianza de ciervos se ha focalizado en dos objetivos: cotos de caza y producción de carnes exóticas, no existiendo un programa de vigilancia ni siendo reportada esta enfermedad en rebaños de este tipo. Este trabajo reporta la presencia de diarrea crónica y pobre condición corporal en algunos animales pertenecientes a una granja de ciervos donde se sospechó la presencia de paratuberculosis. Cuatro ciervos adultos fueron eutanaziados bajo esta sospecha. Todos los animales presentaron lesiones macro y microscópicas compatibles con paratuberculosis. Resultados positivos al cultivo bacteriológico a partir de heces y muestras de tejido, además de PCR a partir de tejido fijado evidencian la infección. De acuerdo a los resultados de caracterización molecular de las cepas aisladas de los ciervos que no muestran variación entre cepas control de bovino, se evidencia que ambas poblaciones estarían conectadas. Complementariamente, los métodos diagnósticos utilizados fueron muy precisos para diagnosticar paratuberculosis y para diferenciar casos clínicos en ciervos de otras micobacteriosis. Las características epidemiológicas descritas en este estudio sugieren que la infecció...

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“…The clinical signs of paratuberculosis in non-ruminant wildlife are largely unknown. Lesions seem to be similar to early, subclinical infections described for ruminants and clinical signs are not systematically observed on positive animals [8,133]. Naturally acquired infections with Maa and M. intracellulare have been reported in non-domestic mammal species and nonhuman primates, as well as in exotic hoofed animals (Tab.…”

Section: Wildlife As a Source Of The Mac Agentsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Biet¹,

et al. 2005

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-Pathogens that are transmitted between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans represent major challenges for the protection of human and domestic animal health, the economic sustainability of agriculture, and the conservation of wildlife. Among such pathogens, the genus Mycobacterium is well represented by M. bovis, the etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis, M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) the etiological agent of Johne disease, M. avium ssp. avium (Maa) and in a few common cases by other emergent environmental mycobacteria. Epidemiologic surveys performed in Europe, North America and New Zealand have demonstrated the existence and importance of environmental and wildlife reservoirs of mycobacterial infections that limit the attempts of disease control programmes. The aim of this review is to examine the zoonotic aspects of mycobacteria transmitted from the environment and wildlife. This work is focused on the species of two main groups of mycobacteria classified as important pathogens for humans and animals: first, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex and has a broad host range including wildlife, captive wildlife, domestic livestock, non-human primates and humans; the second group examined, is the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) which includes M. avium ssp. avium causing major health problems in AIDS patients and M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis the etiological agent of Johne disease in cattle and identified in patients with Crohn disease. MAC agents, in addition to a broad host range, are environmental mycobacteria found in numerous biotopes including the soil, water, aerosols, protozoa, deep litter and fresh tropical vegetation. This review examines the possible reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment and in wildlife, their role as sources of infection in humans and animals and their health impact on humans. The possibilities of control and management programmes for these mycobacterial infections are examined with regards to the importance of their natural reservoirs.

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Description and classification of different types of lesion associated with natural paratuberculosis infection in sheep

Cited by 220 publications

References 13 publications

Liver Biopsy Histopathology for Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Sheep

Liver Biopsy Histopathology for Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Sheep

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

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