“…20 Our results agree with those reported by Goessens et al 9 Other studies have reported that smoking is not a risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients with established PAD. 14,29,30 The prevalence of DM was slightly higher in our sample than in other studies, 28,31 which may be because our diabetic population was aged. According to Aboyans et al, 32 DM is related more to small-vessel disease than to large-vessel disease.…”