Describing the Weight‐Reduced State: Physiology, Behavior, and Interventions

Aronne, Louis J.; Hall, Kevin D.; Jakicic, John M.; Leibel, Rudolph L.; Lowe, Michael R.; Rosenbaum, Michael; Klein, Samuel

doi:10.1002/oby.23086

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Our work supports these findings in that we have found that developing training and diet relationships and partners; increasing vegetables and fruits in the diet; spacing meals throughout the day; and, adding weekly counseling sessions, online diet and activity monitoring, and coaching feedback enhanced compliance and improved results [71,72]. Thus, as one counsel's individuals about effective weight loss strategies, the practitioner should attempt to incorporate some of these behavioral interventions [73,74].…”

Section: Behavioral Factors That Contribute Weight Loss and Maintenancesupporting

confidence: 68%

Exercise and Nutritional Strategies to Promote Weight Loss: A Narrative Review

Kreider¹

2021

obm icm

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Obesity has historically been thought to simply be related to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Weight loss recommendations have traditionally focused on reducing energy intake, maintaining either a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet or vice versa, and increasing physical activity typically through low to moderate intensity exercise. More recently, genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors have also been found to play a significant role in the etiology of obesity. For this reason, the prevention and management of obesity through implementation of different types of exercise and diet intervention programs, behavioral interventions, and/or medical interventions are at the forefront of obesity research. As a result, we are beginning to see a paradigm shift from traditional weight loss and management approaches to personalized diet and exercise strategies. This purpose of this narrative review was to overview: 1.) the effects of physical activity on weight loss; 2.) the effects of diet and cardiovascular exercise on weight loss; 3.) the effects of high protein diet with resistance-exercise on weight loss; and, 4.) behavioral factors that contribute weight loss and maintenance.

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Section: Behavioral Factors That Contribute Weight Loss and Maintenancesupporting

confidence: 68%

Exercise and Nutritional Strategies to Promote Weight Loss: A Narrative Review

Kreider¹

2021

obm icm

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“…In the end, energy expenditure including caloric intake remain a key component of weight maintenance regardless of diet type 111 . Successful long-term weight loss is difficult to achieve and a workshop at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases was held to discuss the physiology of the weight-reduced state 112 . The accumulation of data on key biological factors combined with behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental factors can help designing and delivering effective and tailored obesity treatments 113 .…”

Section: Possible Effects Of Adiposity On Global Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Obesity

et al. 2021

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Global warming and the rising prevalence of obesity are well described challenges of current mankind. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic arose as a new challenge. We here attempt to delineate their relationship with each other from our perspective. Global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have exponentially increased since 1950. The main contributors to such greenhouse gas emissions are manufacturing and construction, transport, residential, commercial, agriculture, and land use change and forestry, combined with an increasing global population growth from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.8 billion in 2020 along with rising obesity rates since the 1980s. The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused some decline in greenhouse gas emissions by limiting mobility globally via repetitive lockdowns. Following multiple lockdowns, there was further increase in obesity in wealthier populations, malnutrition from hunger in poor populations and death from severe infection with Covid-19 and its virus variants. There is a bidirectional relationship between adiposity and global warming. With rising atmospheric air temperatures, people typically will have less adaptive thermogenesis and become less physically active, while they are producing a higher carbon footprint. To reduce obesity rates, one should be willing to learn more about the environmental impact, how to minimize consumption of energy generating carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, and to reduce food waste. Diets lower in meat such as a Mediterranean diet, have been estimated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 72%, land use by 58%, and energy consumption by 52%.

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“…The complex cascade of physiological factors involved in the regulation of energy balance (18) (19), which is large for a scalable intervention model. Similar weight losses were achieved in an analysis of a commercial implementation format (20).…”

Section: Prop Os Ed Re Vis I On Of Sc T In B Ehavior Al Interventions For Wei G Ht Manag Ementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of social cognitive theory in weight management: Time for a biological component?

Anton

Das

McLaren

et al. 2021

Obesity

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The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide and its associated negative health impact have increased the need for effective treatments (1). Although some individuals are successful in achieving weight loss, the vast majority of individuals who lose clinically meaningful amounts of weight through lifestyle change will regain weight over a period of 1 to 5 years (2,3). This phenomenon is highly discouraging to patients, clinicians, and researchers alike, and it currently represents the Achilles' heel of obesity treatment. Lifestyle interventions are the first-line treatment for obesity, and empirically supported health behavior change models are recognized to be important for the development of effective behavior change interventions. Social cognitive theory (SCT), in particular, is a foundational health behavior change model underlying traditional lifestyle interventions for weight loss (4). SCTbased interventions have consistently been found to support the initiation of behavioral changes in weight-loss interventions (5). As illustrated in Figure 1A, SCT posits that an individual's behavior exists in reciprocal relationships with personal factors (i.e., cognitions, emotions) and environmental factors (6). Thus, this model is consistent with a personalized approach to weight management (7). Despite the utility of SCT for facilitating the behavior changes needed for initial weight loss, this model has been less effective in facilitating long-term adherence to recommended lifestyle changes to achieve clinically impactful weight loss with sustainable weight-loss maintenance. We believe that part of the reason for the disappointing outcomes is that current approaches have failed to recognize the important role of biological factors in energy

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Describing the Weight‐Reduced State: Physiology, Behavior, and Interventions

Cited by 53 publications

References 153 publications

Exercise and Nutritional Strategies to Promote Weight Loss: A Narrative Review

Exercise and Nutritional Strategies to Promote Weight Loss: A Narrative Review

Climate Change and Obesity

Application of social cognitive theory in weight management: Time for a biological component?

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