Describing ion transport and water splitting in an electrodialysis stack with bipolar membranes by a 2-D model: Experimental validation

León, T.; López, J.; Torres, R.; Grau, J.; Jofre, L.; Cortina, José Luis

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120835

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…BPM has emerged as a promising technology for efficient water splitting or water dissociation due to its unique structure and ion exchange capabilities. For hydrogen production, water splitting or water dissociation is crucial, as this is the process of separating water into its constituent elements. − A BPM consists of three layers, namely a strong acid cation-exchange layer (CEL), a strong base anion-exchange layer (AEL), and a bipolar or junction or interfacial layer in between, which usually contains a catalyst that promotes water dissociation. , The AEL selectively allows the passage of anions, while the CEL allows the passage of cations. The junction layer is a combination of a cationic and an anionic polymer that acts as a barrier and facilitates ion exchange.…”

Section: Bipolar Membrane and Its Water Splitting Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the protonation–deprotonation mechanism proposes that the weakly basic or acidic headgroups of the ionomers in the BPM dissociates water in the interface layer in a two-step reaction as ,,,, weak base model: B + H 2 O ⇌ B H + + O H − B H + + H 2 O ⇌ B + H 3 O + weak acid model: A H + H 2 O ⇌ A − + H 3 O + A − + H 2 O ⇌ A H + O H − where BH + is the fixed charged group attached on AEL that acts as the catalytic center. In the weak acid mode, the catalytic center is dominated by A – .…”

Section: Bipolar Membrane and Its Water Splitting Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bipolar Membrane Seawater Splitting for Hydrogen Production: A Review

Adisasmito,

Khoiruddin,

Sutrisna

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The growing demand for clean energy has spurred the quest for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising candidate with its exceptional heating value and zero emissions upon combustion. However, conventional hydrogen production methods contribute to CO 2 emissions, necessitating environmentally friendly alternatives. With its vast potential, seawater has garnered attention as a valuable resource for hydrogen production, especially in arid coastal regions with surplus renewable energy. Direct seawater electrolysis presents a viable option, although it faces challenges such as corrosion, competing reactions, and the presence of various impurities. To enhance the seawater electrolysis efficiency and overcome these challenges, researchers have turned to bipolar membranes (BPMs). These membranes create two distinct pH environments and selectively facilitate water dissociation by allowing the passage of protons and hydroxide ions, while acting as a barrier to cations and anions. Moreover, the presence of catalysts at the BPM junction or interface can further accelerate water dissociation. Alongside the thermodynamic potential, the efficiency of the system is significantly influenced by the water dissociation potential of BPMs. By exploiting these unique properties, BPMs offer a promising solution to improve the overall efficiency of seawater electrolysis processes. This paper reviews BPM electrolysis, including the water dissociation mechanism, recent advancements in BPM synthesis, and the challenges encountered in seawater electrolysis. Furthermore, it explores promising strategies to optimize the water dissociation reaction in BPMs, paving the way for sustainable hydrogen production from seawater.

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Section: Bipolar Membrane and Its Water Splitting Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bipolar Membrane and Its Water Splitting Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar Membrane Seawater Splitting for Hydrogen Production: A Review

Adisasmito,

Khoiruddin,

Sutrisna

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…The aforementioned equations are discretized along the x -coordinate, and the resulting set of coupled nonlinear algebraic equations are solved numerically for steady state across a BPM, as explained in refs , , . Interestingly, unlike other BPM modeling approaches, − we do not include any kinetic rate of the water recombination or dissociation in the BPM junction in this modeling framework. Instead, we reckon these reactions are fast enough to have chemical equilibrium between H + and OH – at all times.…”

Section: Theory Of Ion Transport In Bipolar Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Limiting and Overlimiting Currents in Bipolar Membranes

Pärnamäe

Tedesco²,

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Bipolar membranes (BPMs), a special class of ion exchange membranes with the unique ability to electrochemically induce either water dissociation or recombination, are of growing interest for environmental applications including eliminating chemical dosage for pH adjustment, resource recovery, valorization of brines, and carbon capture. However, ion transport within BPMs, and particularly at its junction, has remained poorly understood. This work aims to theoretically and experimentally investigate ion transport in BPMs under both reverse and forward bias operation modes, taking into account the production or recombination of H+ and OH–, as well as the transport of salt ions (e.g., Na+, Cl–) inside the membrane. We adopt a model based on the Nernst–Planck theory, that requires only three input parametersmembrane thickness, its charge density, and pK of proton adsorptionto predict the concentration profiles of four ions (H+, OH–, Na+, and Cl–) inside the membrane and the resulting current–voltage curve. The model can predict most of the experimental results measured with a commercial BPM, including the observation of limiting and overlimiting currents, which emerge due to particular concentration profiles that develop inside the BPM. This work provides new insights into the physical phenomena in BPMs and helps identify optimal operating conditions for future environmental applications.

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“…18 The applied electric field allows the selective separation of ions through the AEM and CEM, while water dissociation into H + /OH − takes place at the BPM junction. 19,20 Consequently, H + (or OH − ) ions become concentrated in the acid (or basic) channel, along with the anions (or cations) originating from the saline compartment. 21 Due to its capability to valorize streams, EDBM has found applications in various fields, such as resource recovery, 15,21 wastewater treatment, 22 CO 2 capture, 23 biotechnology, 18 food industry, 18,24 and energy harvesting through pH gradient energy in reverse-EDBM systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EDBM stack consists of repeating units, known as triplets, which include anion- and cation-exchange membranes, and bipolar membranes (AEM, CEM, and BPM, respectively) . The applied electric field allows the selective separation of ions through the AEM and CEM, while water dissociation into H + /OH – takes place at the BPM junction. , Consequently, H + (or OH – ) ions become concentrated in the acid (or basic) channel, along with the anions (or cations) originating from the saline compartment . Due to its capability to valorize streams, EDBM has found applications in various fields, such as resource recovery, , wastewater treatment, CO 2 capture, biotechnology, food industry, , and energy harvesting through pH gradient energy in reverse-EDBM systems. ,− EDBM was proposed to produce NaOH solution from glyphosate neutralization liquor for further use as an absorbent in CO 2 (g) capture .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid/Base Production via Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis: Brine Feed Streams to Reduce Fresh Water Consumption

Filingeri,

Herrero-Gonzalez,

O’Sullivan

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The increasing demand for environmentally friendly production of alkaline and acidic materials has boosted the advancement of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) as an efficient and sustainable technology. In this context, this study aims to optimize the EDBM system performance and minimize its environmental impact. Specifically, this work focuses on the use of concentrated brines in alkaline or acid channels as innovative EDBM schemes to reduce freshwater consumption. Two different commercial monopolar and bipolar membrane sets were tested (Fumatech and SUEZ) showing a difference in productivity ratios, between them, ranging from 9% to 40%. The use of brine in the compartments leads to a reduction in the water footprint and highlights potential pathways to enhance the overall EDBM system sustainability. Remarkably, introducing a brine in the alkaline channels does not affect energy performance while achieving 50% reduction in freshwater consumption. In contrast, feeding brine into acid channels leads to a performance decline. This research provides a holistic perspective on the interplay between technical and environmental performance of EDBM process, providing a valuable guide for future research and paving the way for novel membranes, long-term stability, and strategies to minimize energy consumption and environmental impact, toward sustainable industrial practices.

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Describing ion transport and water splitting in an electrodialysis stack with bipolar membranes by a 2-D model: Experimental validation

Cited by 29 publications

References 48 publications

Bipolar Membrane Seawater Splitting for Hydrogen Production: A Review

Bipolar Membrane Seawater Splitting for Hydrogen Production: A Review

Origin of Limiting and Overlimiting Currents in Bipolar Membranes

Acid/Base Production via Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis: Brine Feed Streams to Reduce Fresh Water Consumption

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