Describing color appearance: Hue and saturation scaling

Gordon, James; Abramov, Israel; Chan, Hoover

doi:10.3758/bf03211688

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…(Wright, 1981) Derivation of a UAD begins with our magnitude estimation technique for assessing color sensations: hue and saturation scaling of stimuli, usually equiluminant, for a particular set of viewing conditions. Full details of the scaling methods can be found in Gordon et al (1994). The procedure is sufficiently rapid and reliable that enough data can be gathered in a single session to derive the color space (UAD) that represents those sensations.…”

Section: Derivation Of a Uadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simplicity, we will deal first with spectral stimuli. On each trial, participants state the percentages of their sensations that were red, yellow, green, or blue, with the proviso that the total be 100%; they then state the degree to which their sensations were saturated, on a scale from 0% to 100% (4 1 category method; Gordon et al, 1994). We prefer percentage scales since participants seem to use them easily.…”

Section: Derivation Of a Uadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before mean hue and saturation functions are computed for each participant, individual data from each trial are arcsine transformed, to allow for boundary restrictions imposed by percentage scales (Gordon et al, 1994). The method used for normalizing variances of proportions is to apply an arcsine transform to each datum before carrying out any other manipulations, such as averaging (Winer, 1971).…”

Section: Derivation Of a Uadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each individual's hue data, for each wavelength, are also rescaled by the associated saturation value, so that the hues elicited by each stimulus sum to the saturation value. This procedure is appropriate because we have shown that our participants are indeed performing ratio scaling (see Gordon et al, 1994).…”

Section: Derivation Of a Uadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Color appearance: Properties of the uniform appearance diagram derived from hue and saturation scaling

Abramov

Gordon

Chan

2009

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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632We have previously shown that color appearance can be specified very reliably by a procedure of direct scaling of hue and saturation (Gordon, Abramov, & Chan, 1994). In that procedure, participants use percentage scales to describe their sensations of the four unique hue sensations of red, yellow, green, and blue, as well as apparent saturation. Participants' responses to the same stimuli remain stable over long periods of time, do not depend on training or past experience with psychophysical procedures and magnitude estimation, and are independent of the participants' linguistic backgrounds.It has been clear at least since the time of Sir Isaac Newton (see Newton, 1704, p. 90) that color is a response of a sensory system and is not a direct property of the physical stimulus. This means that color appearance can and does change with viewing conditions. It is therefore useful to have a quick and simple procedure for specifying appearance for any given set of conditions, so that any changes in appearance can be examined and compared. Using our scaling procedure, a complete set of color appearance data can usually be obtained in a single session of about 1 h.Here, we describe how the scaling data can be used to generate a color space representative of the specific viewing conditions. A standard chromaticity diagram, such as the CIE 1931 x, y, z diagram and any of its later transformations, is not adequate for describing appearance. These diagrams are based on single-wavelength additivity mixtures that specify metameric matches. In practice, the spectral distribution of any stimulus is simply scaled by the fixed coefficients of the system to determine the placement of that stimulus on the diagram. Nowhere does appearance enter into the calculation. For example, a stimulus that plots near the spectrum locus close to about 580 nm will usually appear yellowish. However, its appearance can be shifted drastically if it is surrounded by either a reddish or a greenish field, and yet it still plots to exactly the same point on a chromaticity diagram. Moreover, by their very nature, these diagrams specify stimuli independently of their luminances, and yet it has long been known that many aspects of color appearance vary with luminance-such as, for example, the Bezold Brücke phenomenon and wavelength discrimination. Also, the problems with chromaticity diagrams are compounded © Color appearance can be specified by a procedure of direct hue and saturation scaling. The scaling data can be represented on a 2-D color space termed a uniform appearance diagram (UAD). The orthogonal and bipolar axes of the UAD are based on the four unique hue sensations, which are blue-yellow and green-red. We have previously shown that the technique is reliable and rapid. We now show that the UAD is sufficiently uniform metrically that it can be used to derive, from a single set of scaling data, a wide range of color functions, such as the spectral loci of the unique hues, wavelength discrimination, and similarities among very different colored ...

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Section: Derivation Of a Uadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Derivation Of a Uadmentioning

confidence: 99%