Descending spinal pathways mediating the responses of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and catecholamines to insulin and 2-deoxyglucose

Gagner, Jean‐Pierre; Gauthier, Serge

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90315-4

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This procedure, believed to induce rapid central glucopenia, is known to induce a sympathoadrenal response of equal or greater magnitude than that observed for insulininduced hypoglycemia (47,48). Further, it has been known for some time that the epinephrine response to hypoglycemia and 2-DGϪinduced glycopenia requires intact adrenal innervation (33)(34)(35). The observation that the peak sympathoadrenal response to 2-DG injection in both CSMG and control animals was similar and approximately twofold greater than the maximal response to insulininduced hypoglycemia in control animals indicated that CSMG rats were not limited by their capacity for maximal sympathoadrenal response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to confirm that the efferent aspect of the sympathoadrenal response remained intact in rats subjected to CSMG, glucopenia was induced via peripheral 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) injection. It is well known that the epinephrine response to hypoglycemia and 2-DGϪinduced glucopenia requires intact innervation of the adrenal gland (33)(34)(35). Experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats (weight 251.0 Ϯ 22.8 g; n ϭ 11) in the conscious relaxed state.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Celiac-Superior Mesenteric Ganglionectomy, but Not Vagotomy, Suppresses the Sympathoadrenal Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia

Fujita

Donovan

2005

Diabetes

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Afferent innervation of the portal vein has been shown to be critical in hypoglycemic detection, but the neural pathway by which these afferents ascend remains unknown. To ascertain the role of vagal afferents versus spinal afferents in hypoglycemic detection, the catecholamine response to hypoglycemia was assessed in male Wistar rats undergoing hepatic vagotomy (HV), total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (TSV), or celiac-superior mesenteric ganglionectomy (CSMG). After recovering from the surgery, the animals were exposed to a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp, with glucose infused peripherally via the jugular vein. In all animals, systemic hypoglycemia (2.64 ؎ 0.03 mmol/l) was induced via jugular vein insulin infusion (25 mU ⅐ kg ؊1 ⅐ min ؊1 ). No significant differences were observed among the groups with respect to arterial glucose or insulin concentration. When hypoglycemia was induced in shamoperated control animals, epinephrine was observed to rise from a basal value of 0.84 ؎ 0.10 to 25.18 ؎ 1.24 nmol/l. Neither HV nor TSV had any significant impact on the epinephrine response to hypoglycemia. In contrast, CSMG animals demonstrated a significant suppression in the epinephrine response to whole-body hypoglycemia (11.25 ؎ 1.21 vs. 22.32 ؎ 0.86 nmol/l in CSMG vs. controls; P < 0.05). The norepinephrine response for controls, 2.00 ؎ 0.22 at basal and rising to 8.95 ؎ 0.20 nmol/l in hypoglycemia, was not significantly different from that of the HV and TSV animals. As with epinephrine, the norepinephrine response to hypoglycemia was significantly suppressed in CSMG compared with control animals (4.72 ؎ 0.48 vs. 7.15 ؎ 0.76 nmol/l; P < 0.05). These findings are consistent with the idea that hypoglycemic detection at the portal vein is mediated by spinal, and not vagal, glucose-sensitive afferents. Diabetes 54:3258 -3264, 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac-Superior Mesenteric Ganglionectomy, but Not Vagotomy, Suppresses the Sympathoadrenal Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia

Fujita

Donovan

2005

Diabetes

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“…Insulin-induced hypoglycemia causes the preferential release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla in various animals including rats (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). This release is blocked by transection of the splanchnic nerves (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia Stimulates Both Adrenaline and Noradrenaline Release from Adrenal Medulla in 21-Day-Old Rats

Fujino

Fujii

1995

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT-It has been well-established that insulin-induced hypoglycemia evokes preferential adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla in fasted adult rats. The present study examined the responsiveness to hypoglycemia in fasted 21-day-old and 8-week-old rats. The recovery of adrenaline in the chromaffin granule fraction prepared from the 8-week-old rat adrenal homogenate decreased 30 min after subcutaneous injection of 3 U/kg insulin, whereas the recovery of both adrenaline and noradrenaline was diminished in 21-day-old rats. In electron microscopy, Q-shaped profiles, indicative of exocytosis, were frequently observed in adrenaline-and noradrenaline-storing cells of 21-day-old rats. These results indicate that the responsiveness of the noradrenaline-storing cells to hypoglycemia in 21-day-old rats is different from that in young adult rats.

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“…The central nervous system is especially sensitive to the effects glucoprivation due to its critical dependence on glucose for metabolic activity. For that reason, 2DG acts at the hypothalamus and other central sites to generate compensatory responses including sympathetic activation and hyperglycemia (Smythe et al 1984;Storlien et al 1985;Matsunaga et al 1989;Smythe et al 1989;Pascoe et al 1989;Smythe and Edwards 1992;Gotoh et al 2001;Niijima 1975;Gagner et al 1985;Yoshimatsu et al 1987;Takahashi et al 1994Takahashi et al , 1996. In addition, peripheral glucoreceptors in the portal vein (Hevener et al 1997(Hevener et al , 2000 may directly trigger NE release and produce a further rise in plasma glucose concentration by mobilizing liver glycogen stores (Brodows et al 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose on plasma catecholamines and glucose levels in patients with schizophrenia

Elman

Rott²,

Green

et al. 2004

Psychopharmacology

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Descending spinal pathways mediating the responses of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and catecholamines to insulin and 2-deoxyglucose

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Celiac-Superior Mesenteric Ganglionectomy, but Not Vagotomy, Suppresses the Sympathoadrenal Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia

Celiac-Superior Mesenteric Ganglionectomy, but Not Vagotomy, Suppresses the Sympathoadrenal Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia

Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia Stimulates Both Adrenaline and Noradrenaline Release from Adrenal Medulla in 21-Day-Old Rats

Effects of pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose on plasma catecholamines and glucose levels in patients with schizophrenia

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