Focused groundwater discharge of phosphorus to a eutrophic seepage lake (Lake Væng, Denmark): implications for lake ecological state and restoration

Kidmose, Jacob; Nilsson, Bertel; Engesgaard, Peter; Frandsen, Mette; Karan, Sachin; Landkildehus, Frank; Søndergaard, Martin; Jeppesen, Erik

doi:10.1007/s10040-013-1043-7

Cited by 73 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, we know from observations by divers that the lake bottom was covered with finegrained organic sediments, which typically accumulate in the deep, flat parts, where wave action cannot resuspend the fine sediments . A layer of fine-grained sediment could significantly decrease hydraulic conductivity of the lake bed sediment and can even totally prevent groundwater-lake exchange (Kidmose et al, 2013). FO-DTS showed local hotspots of groundwater inflow at three locations, all on steep steps between the near-shore part and the flatter central basin.…”

Section: Offshore-lgd Patterns and Potential Controlsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…So far, there is no clear picture about the role of lake sediment characteristics in controlling LGD patterns and observations seem to be very site specific. For example, Kidmose et al (2013) found that low permeable lacustrine sediments can completely prevent groundwater upwelling, whereas Vainu et al (2015) observed LGD through low permeable lacustrine sediments. Kishel and Gerla (2002) associated small-scale variabilities in LGD with small-scale heterogeneities in hydraulic conductivities (Kishel and Gerla, 2002); Schneider et al (2005) found no correlation between seepage rates and sediment characteristics.…”

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge and Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kidmose et al, 2013;Kishel and Gerla, 2002;Schneider et al, 2005;Vainu et al, 2015) and piezometers (Kishel and Gerla, 2002). Two other methods have also been used successfully to investigate exchange patterns between lakes and groundwater: fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) (Blume et al, 2013;Sebok et al, 2013) and vertical temperature profiles (VTPs) (Blume et al, 2013;Neumann et al, 2013;Sebok et al, 2013).…”

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge and Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying, characterizing and predicting spatial patterns of lacustrine groundwater discharge

Tecklenburg

Blume

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) can significantly affect lake water balances and lake water quality. However, quantifying LGD and its spatial patterns is challenging because of the large spatial extent of the aquiferlake interface and pronounced spatial variability. This is the first experimental study to specifically study these largerscale patterns with sufficient spatial resolution to systematically investigate how landscape and local characteristics affect the spatial variability in LGD. We measured vertical temperature profiles around a 0.49 km 2 lake in northeastern Germany with a needle thermistor, which has the advantage of allowing for rapid (manual) measurements and thus, when used in a survey, high spatial coverage and resolution. Groundwater inflow rates were then estimated using the heat transport equation. These near-shore temperature profiles were complemented with sediment temperature measurements with a fibre-optic cable along six transects from shoreline to shoreline and radon measurements of lake water samples to qualitatively identify LGD patterns in the offshore part of the lake. As the hydrogeology of the catchment is sufficiently homogeneous (sandy sediments of a glacial outwash plain; no bedrock control) to avoid patterns being dominated by geological discontinuities, we were able to test the common assumptions that spatial patterns of LGD are mainly controlled by sediment characteristics and the groundwater flow field. We also tested the assumption that topographic gradients can be used as a proxy for gradients of the groundwater flow field. Thanks to the extensive data set, these tests could be carried out in a nested design, considering both small-and large-scale variability in LGD. We found that LGD was concentrated in the near-shore area, but alongshore variability was high, with specific regions of higher rates and higher spatial variability. Median inflow rates were 44 L m −2 d −1 with maximum rates in certain locations going up to 169 L m −2 d −1 . Offshore LGD was negligible except for two local hotspots on steep steps in the lake bed topography. Large-scale groundwater inflow patterns were correlated with topography and the groundwater flow field, whereas small-scale patterns correlated with grain size distributions of the lake sediment. These findings confirm results and assumptions of theoretical and modelling studies more systematically than was previously possible with coarser sampling designs. However, we also found that a significant fraction of the variance in LGD could not be explained by these controls alone and that additional processes need to be considered. While regression models using these controls as explanatory variables had limited power to predict LGD rates, the results nevertheless encourage the use of topographic indices and sediment heterogeneity as an aid for targeted campaigns in future studies of groundwater discharge to lakes.

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Section: Offshore-lgd Patterns and Potential Controlsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge and Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge and Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying, characterizing and predicting spatial patterns of lacustrine groundwater discharge

Tecklenburg

Blume

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…No known changes have occurred in the external nutrient loading since 1981. Lake Vaeng and topics related to its restoration have previously been described in various papers [6,[21][22][23][24]. …”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Fish Removal to Restore Lakes: Case Study of Lake Væng, Denmark—Two Biomanipulations during 30 Years of Monitoring

Søndergaard

Lauridsen

Johansson

2017

Water

Self Cite

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Biomanipulation by fish removal has been used in many shallow lakes as a method to improve lake water quality. Here, we present and analyse 30 years of chemical and biological data from the shallow and 16 ha large Lake Vaeng, Denmark, which has been biomanipulated twice with a 20-year interval by removing roach (Rutilus rutilus) and bream (Abramis brama). After both biomanipulations, Lake Vaeng shifted from a turbid, phytoplankton-dominated state to a clear, water macrophyte-dominated state. Chlorophyll a was reduced from 60-80 µg·L −1 to 10-30 µg·L −1 and the coverage of submerged macrophytes, dominated by Elodea canadensis, increased from <0.1% to 70%-80%. Mean summer total phosphorus was reduced from about 0.12 to 0.07 mg·L −1 and total nitrogen decreased from 1.0 to 0.4 mg·L −1 . On a seasonal scale, phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations changed from a summer maximum during turbid conditions to a winter maximum under clear conditions. The future of Lake Vaeng is uncertain and a relatively high phosphorus loading via the groundwater, and the accumulation of a mobile P pool in the sediment make it likely that the lake eventually will return to turbid conditions. Repeated fish removals might be a relevant management strategy to apply in shallow lakes with a relatively high external nutrient loading.

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“…Lakes can be dependent on groundwater directly or indirectly, and this dependence can vary over time (Kløve et al, 2011). Understanding groundwater and lake water interaction is important not only for water resource management (Showstack, 2004), but also for understanding the ecology and eutrophication of lakes, since groundwater may be a key element in the lake nutrient balance (Ala-aho et al, 2013;Belanger et al, 1985;Brock et al, 1982;Kidmose et al, 2013). Furthermore, the vulnerability of lakes to pollution can be controlled by their dependency on groundwater (Kløve et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying groundwater dependence of a sub-polar lake cluster in Finland using an isotope mass balance approach

Isokangas

Różański

Rossi

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A stable isotope study of 67 kettle lakes and ponds situated on an esker aquifer (90 km 2 ) in northern Finland was carried out to determine the role and extent of groundwater inflow in groundwater-dependent lakes. Distinct seasonal fluctuations in the δ 18 O and δ 2 H values of lakes are the result of seasonal ice cover prohibiting evaporation during the winter. An iterative isotope mass balance approach was used to calculate the inflow-to-evaporation ratios (I TOT /E) of all 67 lakes during the summer of 2013 when the isotopic compositions of the lakes were approaching a steady-state. The balance calculations were carried out independently for 2 H and 18 O data. Since evaporation rates were derived independently of any mass balance considerations, it was possible to determine the total inflow (I TOT ) and mean turnover time (MTT) of the lakes. Furthermore, the groundwater seepage rates to all studied lakes were calculated. A quantitative measure was introduced for the dependence of a lake on groundwater (G index) that is defined as the percentage contribution of groundwater inflow to the total inflow of water to the given lake. The G index values of the lakes studied ranged from ca. 39 to 98 %, revealing generally large groundwater dependency among the studied lakes. This study shows the effectiveness of applying an isotope mass balance approach to quantify the groundwater reliance of lakes situated in a relatively small area with similar climatic conditions.

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Focused groundwater discharge of phosphorus to a eutrophic seepage lake (Lake Væng, Denmark): implications for lake ecological state and restoration

Cited by 73 publications

References 45 publications

Identifying, characterizing and predicting spatial patterns of lacustrine groundwater discharge

Identifying, characterizing and predicting spatial patterns of lacustrine groundwater discharge

Repeated Fish Removal to Restore Lakes: Case Study of Lake Væng, Denmark—Two Biomanipulations during 30 Years of Monitoring

Quantifying groundwater dependence of a sub-polar lake cluster in Finland using an isotope mass balance approach

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