Desalination of brick masonry and stone carvings in Capitullum hall of Riga Dome Cathedral

Grāve, Jana; Krāģe, Linda; Lūsis, Ronalds; Vītiņa, Inta

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/25/1/012004

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Organic materials poultices such as lignin are very thin for excessive amounts of salts, and there is a risk that they will not be able to receive all the salts, allowing, for this reason, their migration back into the substrate [34]. However, according to the study conducted by Auras [35], the extraction of salts is more effective with poultices made of clay minerals, as their fine pores produce a high capillary pressure, which translates into high suction when they are in contact with the architectural finishes.…”

Section: Clay Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sacrificial layers: an alternative for the conservation of the lime stuccos from Templo Mayor's Structure B in Mexico City

Vaillard¹

2019

Cons. Património

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Structure B is an archaeological structure from the post-classic period of the Mexica culture located within the archaeological site of Templo Mayor in Mexico City. The various alteration dynamics caused by its exposure to the weather have generated severe conservation problems in the stuccos that cover the reliefs of the stone skulls of Structure B. Since the alteration effects are mainly due to the crystallization of salts, the absorption of direct humidity because of stagnation of water and the impact of rainwater, the use of sacrificial layers is presented as a measure for the long-term conservation of the stuccos. This investigation proposes a methodological framework for the elaboration of diverse models of sacrificial layers, as well as for their qualitative evaluation after submitting them to resistance tests that imitate the environmental dynamics to which the structure is subjected, in order to design a suitable sacrificial layer for a given structure and context. Resumo A Estrutura B é uma estrutura arqueológica da cultura asteca, do período pós-clássico, localizada dentro do complexo arqueológico Templo Mayor na Cidade do México. A sua exposição às condições climatéricas locais tem originado vários problemas ao nível da conservação dos estuques que cobrem os relevos dos crânios de pedra da Estrutura B. Dado que os efeitos de alteração são causados maioritariamente pela cristalização de sais, pela absorção directa de água estagnada e pelo impacto da precipitação, o uso de camadas sacrificiais é aqui apresentado como uma medida para a conservação a longo prazo destes estuques. Assim, este trabalho propõe uma metodologia não só para a elaboração de diversos modelos de camadas sacrificiais, mas também para a avaliação qualitativa desses mesmos modelos, através da realização de ensaios de resistência que visam simular as condições climatéricas que podem afectar a estrutura em questão. Esta metodologia permite desta forma, conceber camadas sacrificiais específicas para uma determinada estrutura e respectivo contexto.

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Section: Clay Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sacrificial layers: an alternative for the conservation of the lime stuccos from Templo Mayor's Structure B in Mexico City

Vaillard¹

2019

Cons. Património

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“…Also a good hydraulic contact between the poultice and the object is required. Compared to diffusion methods, less moisture is brought into the object and also smaller number of repetitions is required [75]. Additionally, the accumulation of salt in the poultice can effectively decrease the pore sizes and improve the salt extraction process [76].…”

Section: Active Desalination Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the above mentioned, it is preferable to use advection-based poultices [75]. For this purpose, the poultice has to be adapted to the pore-size distribution of a substrate in order to create effective salt extraction by poultices [41].…”

Section: Active Desalination Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Damage and Rising Damp Treatment in Building Structures

Delgado

Guimarães

Freitas

et al. 2016

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Salt damage can affect the service life of numerous building structures, both historical and contemporary, in a significant way. In this review, various damage mechanisms to porous building materials induced by salt action are analyzed. The importance of pretreatment investigations is discussed as well; in combination with the knowledge of salt and moisture transport mechanisms they can give useful indications regarding treatment options. The methods of salt damage treatment are assessed then, including both passive techniques based on environmental control, reduction of water transport, or conversion to less soluble salts and active procedures resulting in the removal of salts from deterioration zones. It is concluded that cellulose can still be considered as the favorite material presently used in desalination poultices but hydrophilic mineral wool can serve as its prospective alternative in future applications. Another important cause of building pathologies is the rising damp and, in this phenomenon, it is particularly severe considering the presence of salts in water. The treatment of rising damp in historic building walls is a very complex procedure and at Laboratory of Building Physics (LFC-FEUP) a wall base hygroregulated ventilation system was developed and patented.

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“…A similar desalination methodology involves the covering of materials with renderings that favour the extraction of soluble salts extraction from the materials (Fassina et al 2002;Setina et al 2009;Grave et al 2011). This render could work as a ''sacrificial'' layer renewed periodically.…”

Section: Salt Contamination Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of stony materials in the built environment

Alves

Sanjurjo-Sánchez

2015

Environ Chem Lett

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Materials in the built environment are exposed to several agents that promote alteration processes resulting in features that might be considered detrimental of its value. There are diverse possible intervention measures that might, however, have unwanted side effects. Here are reviewed the main issues related to the struggle against these alteration processes, from the consideration of the intervention criteria to strategic considerations on the organisation of the intervention that must include temporal and spatial features of alteration processes, as well as possible interventions on the surroundings of the materials and in the materials, including its replacement. The longterm effectiveness of these interventions is linked with the global strategy namely in relation to the conditions that promote alteration processes. Some sustainability questions related to the intervention operations are also considered such as the use of toxic substances and the consumption of resources.

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Desalination of brick masonry and stone carvings in Capitullum hall of Riga Dome Cathedral

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Sacrificial layers: an alternative for the conservation of the lime stuccos from Templo Mayor's Structure B in Mexico City

Sacrificial layers: an alternative for the conservation of the lime stuccos from Templo Mayor's Structure B in Mexico City

Salt Damage and Rising Damp Treatment in Building Structures

Conservation of stony materials in the built environment

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