Desalination and Solar Still: Boon to Earth

Pandey, Prinshu; Prakash, Om; Kumar, Anil

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6887-5_1

“…To get the maximum output and maintain MSF economies, regenerative heating is generally performed. Therefore, this process needs distinct stages for its completion and it is necessary to gradually raise the temperature of the incoming seawater at each stage [88]. In modern MSF plants, multi-stage evaporators in which there are between 19 and 28 stages, are used [89]; although other authors report the number of stages between 4 and 40, which allows the systems of MSF to produce volumes of water in the order of 10,000 to 40,000 m 3 /day [90].…”

Section: Multi Stage Flash Distillation (Msf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Thermal Technologies for Desalination of Water from Renewable Energies: A State of the Art Review

Feria-Díaz

¹

,

López-Méndez

²

,

Rodríguez-Miranda

³

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermal desalination is yet a reliable technology in the treatment of brackish water and seawater; however, its demanding high energy requirements have lagged it compared to other non-thermal technologies such as reverse osmosis. This review provides an outline of the development and trends of the three most commercially used thermal or phase change technologies worldwide: Multi Effect Distillation (MED), Multi Stage Flash (MSF), and Vapor Compression Distillation (VCD). First, state of water stress suffered by regions with little fresh water availability and existing desalination technologies that could become an alternative solution are shown. The most recent studies published for each commercial thermal technology are presented, focusing on optimizing the desalination process, improving efficiencies, and reducing energy demands. Then, an overview of the use of renewable energy and its potential for integration into both commercial and non-commercial desalination systems is shown. Finally, research trends and their orientation towards hybridization of technologies and use of renewable energies as a relevant alternative to the current problems of brackish water desalination are discussed. This reflective and updated review will help researchers to have a detailed state of the art of the subject and to have a starting point for their research, since current advances and trends on thermal desalination are shown.

show abstract

“…To get the maximum output and maintain MSF economies, regenerative heating is generally performed. Therefore, this process needs distinct stages for its completion and it is necessary to gradually raise the temperature of the incoming seawater at each stage [83]. In modern MSF plants, multi-stage evaporators in which there are between 19 and 28 stages, are used [84]; although other authors report the number of stages between 4 and 40, which allows the systems of MSF to produce volumes of water in the order of 10,000 to 40,000 m 3 /day [85].…”

Section: Multi Stage Flash Distillation (Msf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Thermal Technologies for Desalination of Water from Renewable Energies: A State of the Art Review

Feria-Díaz¹,

López-Méndez²,

Sandoval-Herazo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

10

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermal desalination is yet a reliable technology in the treatment of brackish water and seawater; however, its demanding high energy requirements have lagged it compared to other non-thermal technologies such as reverse osmosis. This review provides an outline of the development and trends of the three most commercially used thermal or phase change technologies worldwide: Multi Effect Distillation (MED), Multi Stage Flash (MSF), and Vapor Compression Distillation (VCD). First, state of water stress suffered by regions with little fresh water availability and existing desalination technologies that could become an alternative solution are shown. The most recent studies published for each commercial thermal technology are presented, focusing on optimizing the desalination process, improving efficiencies, and reducing energy demands. Then, an overview of the use of renewable energy and its potential for integration into both commercial and non-commercial desalination systems is shown. Finally, research trends and their orientation towards hybridization of technologies and use of renewable energies as a relevant alternative to the current problems of brackish water desalination are discussed. This reflective and updated review will help researchers to have a detailed state of the art of the subject and to have a starting point for their research, since current advances and trends on thermal desalination are shown.

show abstract

“…The technology should also be reliable and able to treat unconventional water resources including seawater, wastewater, and other brackish water . Mature thermal- and membrane-based technologies have been industrially implemented to produce clean water with the capacity in the range of 56,775–68,130 m 3 /day for multistage flash distillation, 22,700–45,400 m 3 /day for multiple effect distillation, and 9084–13,626 m 3 /day for reverse osmosis. , However, the thermal-based technologies (e.g., multistage flash distillation and multiple effect distillation) are energy-intensive, require large and centralized infrastructures, and are often inaccessible to off-grid communities. , The membrane-based technologies (e.g., reverse osmosis and electrodialysis) also use large amounts of energy, and additionally, suffer from membrane fouling that reduces the flux and lowers the energy efficiency, leading to frequent membrane replacements . Therefore, there is an urgent demand for different water treatment approaches that can adopt water resource distribution, water quality conditions, economic status, and developing levels of communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Materials to Enhance Light-to-Heat Conversion for Efficient Solar Water Purification

Setyawan

¹

,

Juliananda

²

,

Widiyastuti

³

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water scarcity has become one of the most prevalent problems afflicting people throughout the world and is expected to grow worse in the future due limited resources and increasing demand. This problem calls out for an urgent need to develop inexpensive, stand-alone desalination and water purification technologies that can adopt water resource distribution, water quality conditions, economic status, and developing levels of communities. Solar energy is abundantly available and has become one of the most promising emerging strategies in sustainable water treatment technologies. In this review paper, we highlight the recent progress of solar-driven desalination and water purification technologies for clean water production. We begin by introducing the fundamental concepts of solar radiation, solar thermal conversion, and heat localization. Then, we review the key components of solar steam generation including solar-thermal conversion materials, water pathways, and heat insulators and the strategies to promote efficient solar-to-vapor conversion in terms of chemical regulation, structural engineering, and heat management to maximize solar absorption and to minimize heat loss. Next, we discuss an efficient design of a solar steam generation device using an integrated approach that accounts for the performance of photothermal materials, heat losses, and water supply with respect to the hot evaporation region. Last, existing challenges and future opportunities in both fundamental studies and practical implementations of solar steam generation for water purification are discussed.

show abstract

Desalination and Solar Still: Boon to Earth

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Commercial Thermal Technologies for Desalination of Water from Renewable Energies: A State of the Art Review

Commercial Thermal Technologies for Desalination of Water from Renewable Energies: A State of the Art Review

Commercial Thermal Technologies for Desalination of Water from Renewable Energies: A State of the Art Review

Engineering Materials to Enhance Light-to-Heat Conversion for Efficient Solar Water Purification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About