2019
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6887-5_1
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Desalination and Solar Still: Boon to Earth

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Cited by 7 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…To get the maximum output and maintain MSF economies, regenerative heating is generally performed. Therefore, this process needs distinct stages for its completion and it is necessary to gradually raise the temperature of the incoming seawater at each stage [88]. In modern MSF plants, multi-stage evaporators in which there are between 19 and 28 stages, are used [89]; although other authors report the number of stages between 4 and 40, which allows the systems of MSF to produce volumes of water in the order of 10,000 to 40,000 m 3 /day [90].…”
Section: Multi Stage Flash Distillation (Msf)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To get the maximum output and maintain MSF economies, regenerative heating is generally performed. Therefore, this process needs distinct stages for its completion and it is necessary to gradually raise the temperature of the incoming seawater at each stage [88]. In modern MSF plants, multi-stage evaporators in which there are between 19 and 28 stages, are used [89]; although other authors report the number of stages between 4 and 40, which allows the systems of MSF to produce volumes of water in the order of 10,000 to 40,000 m 3 /day [90].…”
Section: Multi Stage Flash Distillation (Msf)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To get the maximum output and maintain MSF economies, regenerative heating is generally performed. Therefore, this process needs distinct stages for its completion and it is necessary to gradually raise the temperature of the incoming seawater at each stage [83]. In modern MSF plants, multi-stage evaporators in which there are between 19 and 28 stages, are used [84]; although other authors report the number of stages between 4 and 40, which allows the systems of MSF to produce volumes of water in the order of 10,000 to 40,000 m 3 /day [85].…”
Section: Multi Stage Flash Distillation (Msf)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The technology should also be reliable and able to treat unconventional water resources including seawater, wastewater, and other brackish water . Mature thermal- and membrane-based technologies have been industrially implemented to produce clean water with the capacity in the range of 56,775–68,130 m 3 /day for multistage flash distillation, 22,700–45,400 m 3 /day for multiple effect distillation, and 9084–13,626 m 3 /day for reverse osmosis. , However, the thermal-based technologies (e.g., multistage flash distillation and multiple effect distillation) are energy-intensive, require large and centralized infrastructures, and are often inaccessible to off-grid communities. , The membrane-based technologies (e.g., reverse osmosis and electrodialysis) also use large amounts of energy, and additionally, suffer from membrane fouling that reduces the flux and lowers the energy efficiency, leading to frequent membrane replacements . Therefore, there is an urgent demand for different water treatment approaches that can adopt water resource distribution, water quality conditions, economic status, and developing levels of communities.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%