“…The emergence of cluster policies in a large number of countries can be explained fairly easily: Schematically, in a context in which international competition is exacerbated by globalisation and in which developed countries have witnessed a growing trend for first their production and then their R&D capacities to delocalise towards emerging countries, the success of a number of spontaneously developing clusters, the primary example of which is Silicon Valley (Weil, 2010), has prompted governments to employ a voluntaristic approach to supporting the emergence and development of clusters. A range of theoretical studies (for a literature review see Fen Chong, 2009) have demonstrated that all such policies involve substantial public investment (public funding, tax breaks, etc.).…”