Dermoscopy of acquired pigmentary disorders: a comprehensive review

Krueger, Loren; Saizan, Autumn; Stein, Jennifer A.; Elbuluk, Nada

doi:10.1111/ijd.15741

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Mit dem Dermatoskop kann man braune bis graue, ring- oder bogenförmig angeordnete Linien und Schollen erkennen. In manchen Fällen zeigen sich auch strukturlos braune Areale, wobei die ausgesparten Follikelöffnungen fehlen [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Pigmentveränderungenunclassified

Dermoscopy of nonneoplastic diseases in dark skin

Müller¹,

Kittler²

2023

Dermatologie

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Dermatoskopie stellt ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel in der allgemeinen Dermatologie dar. Ziel der Arbeit Es erfolgt die Darstellung von Unterschieden von heller und dunkler Haut in nichtneoplastischen Erkrankungen mit Fokus auf die Dermatoskopie. Material und Methoden Anhand von bisher publizierten Studien sollen dermatoskopische Unterschiede der unterschiedlichen Hauttypen sowie Merkmale von inflammatorischen Erkrankungen und Pigmentveränderungen erläutert werden. Ergebnisse Bestimmte Strukturen sind in der Dermatoskopie dunkler Haut schwieriger zu beurteilen (z. B. Gefäße), während sich andere Strukturen (z. B. Follikelöffnungen) prominenter darstellen. Diskussion Der Großteil der Studien zur Dermatoskopie stammt aus Studien, in denen vorwiegend Personen mit einem hellen Hauttyp inkludiert wurden. Weitere Studien mit Personen mit einem Hauttyp IV oder höher sind notwendig, um die Diagnostik in dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe zu verbessern.

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Section: Pigmentveränderungenunclassified

Dermoscopy of nonneoplastic diseases in dark skin

Müller¹,

Kittler²

2023

Dermatologie

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“…These factors cause pigment overproduction, known as hyperpigmentation. Hyperpigmentation disorder can lead to other severe medical conditions, such as skin cancer [ 11 ], and it also causes psychological problems, such as emotional distress [ 12 ]. Therefore, research studies have suggested two main approaches to prevent or reduce melanin biosynthesis [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Analyses of Molecular Anti-Pigmentation Mechanisms of Selected Thai Rejuvenating Remedy and Bioactive Metabolites

et al. 2023

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Thai rejuvenating remedies are mixed herbal formulas promoting longevity. Due to the complexity, the biological activities of these remedies are minimal. Therefore, in this study, the authors evaluated the anti-pigmentation effect at the molecular level of the selected Thai rejuvenating remedy to fulfill the knowledge gap. First, the authors found that the selected remedy showed promising activity against the tyrosinase enzyme with an IC50 value of 9.41 µg/mL. In the comparison, kojic acid (positive control) exhibited an IC50 value of 3.92 µg/mL against the same enzyme. Later, the authors identified glabridin as a bioactive molecule against tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 0.08 µg/mL. However, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate was the most abundant metabolite found in the remedy. The authors also found that the selected remedy and glabridin reduced the melanin content in the cell-based assay (B16F1) but not in the zebrafish larvae experiment. Finally, the authors conducted a computational investigation through molecular docking proposing a theoretical molecular interplay between glabridin, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, and target proteins (tyrosinase and melanocortin-1 receptor, MC1R). Hence, in this study, the authors reported the molecular anti-pigmentation mechanism of the selected Thai rejuvenating remedy for the first time by combining the results from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments.

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“…Acanthosis is the thickening of the epidermis, and should be differentiated from pseudoachanthosis. The term may also be used as glycogenic acanthosis, which is a benign condition typically at the esophagus level that underlies multiple plaques of hyperplastic squamous epithelium in association with glycogen deposits [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthosis Nigricans: Pointer of Endocrine Entities

et al. 2022

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Acanthosis nigricans (AN) has been reported in relation to insulin resistance (IR). We aim to review AN through an endocrine and metabolic perspective focusing on IR in association with metabolic complications such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and metabolic syndrome (MS) with/without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We revised English papers on PubMed covering publications from the last 5 years. The current prevalence of AN varies from 4.5 to 74% (or even 100%, depending on the studied population), with equal distribution among females and males. Despite higher incidence with an age-dependent pattern, an alarming escalation of cases has been noted for obesity and MS in younger populations . Most frequent IR-associated sites are the neck, axilla, and knuckles, but unusual locations such as the face have also been reported. Quantitative scales such as Burke have been used to describe the severity of the dermatosis, particularly in correlation with IR elements. Dermoscopic examination are required, for instance, in cases with sulcus cutis, hyperpigmented spots, crista cutis, and papillary projections. A skin biopsy may be necessary, but it is not the rule. Both IR that clinically manifests with or without obesity/MS correlates with AN; most studies are cross-sectional, with only a few longitudinal. The approach varied from screening during school periodic checkups/protocols/programs to subgroups of individuals who were already known to be at high cardio-metabolic risk. AN was associated with type2DM, as well as type 1DM. Females with PCOS may already display metabolic complications in 60–80% of cases, with AN belonging to the associated skin spectrum. AN management depends on underlying conditions, and specific dermatological therapy is not generally required, unless the patient achieves metabolic control, has severe skin lesions, or desires cosmetic improvement. In IR cases, lifestyle interventions can help, including weight control up to bariatric surgery. In addition, metformin is a key player in the field of oral medication against DM type 2, a drug whose indication is extended to PCOS and even to AN itself, outside the specific panel of glucose anomalies. In terms of cosmetic intervention, limited data have been published on melatonin, urea cream, topical retinoids, vitamin D analogs, or alexandrite laser. In conclusion, awareness of IR and its associated clinical features is essential to provide prompt recognition of underlying conditions. AN represents a useful non-invasive surrogate marker of this spectrum in both children and adults. The pivotal role of this dermatosis could massively improve endocrine and metabolic assessments.

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Dermoscopy of acquired pigmentary disorders: a comprehensive review

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Dermoscopy of nonneoplastic diseases in dark skin

Dermoscopy of nonneoplastic diseases in dark skin

In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Analyses of Molecular Anti-Pigmentation Mechanisms of Selected Thai Rejuvenating Remedy and Bioactive Metabolites

Acanthosis Nigricans: Pointer of Endocrine Entities

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