Dermatological manifestations associated with COVID‐19: A comprehensive review of the current knowledge

Afshar, Zeinab Mohseni; Babazadeh, Arefeh; Hasanpour, Amir Hossein; Barary, Mohammad; Sayad, Babak; Janbakhsh, Alireza; Aryanian, Zeinab; Ebrahimpour, Soheil

doi:10.1002/jmv.27187

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(254 reference statements)

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“…IFNγ plays an important role in the immune response against viral infections. Although many contradictory findings have been reported about the role of INFγ in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the induction of INFγ early in infection seems important in the control of viral replication (summarized in [ 47 ]). Indeed, low IFNγ and low induction of interferon-stimulated genes contribute to the development of COVID-19 [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust B cell response, resulting in the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 severity on the memory B cell response and characterize changes in the memory B cell compartment between recovery and five months post-symptom onset. Using high-parameter spectral flow cytometry, we analyzed the phenotype of memory B cells with reactivity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in recovered individuals who had been hospitalized with non-severe (n = 8) or severe (n = 5) COVID-19. One month after symptom onset, a substantial proportion of spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed an activated phenotype. In individuals who experienced non-severe disease, spike-specific IgG+ B cells showed increased expression of markers associated with durable B cell memory, including T-bet and FcRL5, as compared to individuals who experienced severe disease. While the frequency of T-bet+ spike-specific IgG+ B cells differed between the two groups, these cells predominantly showed an activated switched memory B cell phenotype in both groups. Five months post-symptom onset, the majority of spike-specific memory B cells had a resting phenotype and the percentage of spike-specific T-bet+ IgG+ memory B cells decreased to baseline levels. Collectively, our results highlight subtle differences in the B cells response after non-severe and severe COVID-19 and suggest that the memory B cell response elicited during non-severe COVID-19 may be of higher quality than the response after severe disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease

et al. 2021

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“…Psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis are among the most common long‐lasting dermatologic disorders triggered or flared up following this viral infection or related vaccines. 1 , 2 Nonetheless, lichen planus has been reported less commonly after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or COVID‐19 vaccination, necessitating its careful discussion. 3 , 4 Here, we present a case of new‐onset lichen planus in a patient who received the COVID‐19 vaccine at the same time as being infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 vaccine‐related new‐onset lichen planus

Babazadeh

Miladi

Barary

et al. 2022

Clinical Case Reports

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines significantly impacted world health and well‐being. However, various adverse events have been observed following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination. Cutaneous reactions have been prevalent following many vaccines, including COVID‐19 vaccines. Here, we present a case of new‐onset lichen planus in a patient who received the COVID‐19 vaccine at the same time as being infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. A 52‐year‐old woman presented to the clinic with extensive pruritic skin lesions. The eruptions had appeared a week after her second dose of the Sinopharm COVID‐19 vaccine. She mentioned a history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection approximately 10 days following the first dose of her vaccine, causing a 1‐month delay in getting the second dose. Her past medical history was not significant. On examination, erythematous and squamous papules were demonstrated predominantly on the extremities, including inguinal and axillary folds. Moreover, desquamation of the lips was visible, and buccal lesions were also found. After consultation with a dermatologist, a skin biopsy was indicated for the patient, but she refused to undergo the procedure. Therefore, considering the typical appearance of the eruptions, lichen planus was suspected, for which she was treated with oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids.

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“…Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, various dermatological manifestations have been demonstrated both following the de novo infection and the associated vaccination (1)(2)(3)(4). These cutaneous adverse events have been either a new-onset dermatologic disorder, or exacerbation of the pre-existing one (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphea in two patients after being infected to and being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Aryanian¹,

Balighi²,

Hatami³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Dermatological manifestations associated with COVID‐19: A comprehensive review of the current knowledge

Cited by 29 publications

References 137 publications

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells express higher levels of T-bet and FcRL5 after non-severe COVID-19 as compared to severe disease

COVID‐19 vaccine‐related new‐onset lichen planus

Morphea in two patients after being infected to and being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 infection

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