Introduction: Hand dermatitis is a frequent condition within occupational skin diseases, with a prevalence of 80-88%; it can be explained by the fact that hands are the most used «tools» of the body. Objective: To determine the prevalence of irritant dermatitis related to hand hygiene in the nursing staff at a social security hospital. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out. Study subjects were the nursing staff of the special shift; they were asked for their informed consent and the modified questionnaire of the World Health Organization (WHO) Observer Manual for hand hygiene was applied. Results: We included 72 participants, 87% female and 13% male, with an age range of 20-54 years. The prevalence of irritant hand dermatitis was 41.6%, being higher (38%) in subjects with light-brown skin. Scales were seen in 13% as very severe damage on the ridges, and 5% presented cracks. Conclusions: The nursing staff of the special shift showed good adherence to the hand hygiene program. To strengthen this adherence, an inter-institutional study on tolerability to the guidelines established by the WHO is necessary so that the staff can decide which is the product that does not cause dermatitis.