Dermal safety assessment of Arm &amp; Hammer laundry products formulated for sensitive skin

Frederick, Douglas M; Vorwerk, L; Gupta, Archana; Ghassemi, Annahita

doi:10.1080/15569527.2016.1265550

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…Manufacturers of consumer products including cosmetics have long conducted programmes on products and ingredients to confirm site-of-contact compatibility and mildness [6][7][8][9]. The overall approach is similar to that previously described for other consumer products and involves a stepwise evaluation of skin mildness and compatibility, with a comparative approach to confirmatory testing in which newly developed products are compared to reference, commercially marketed products with an established history of safe use [10][11][12][13]. When products are specifically formulated for the sensitive skin consumer or targeted to consumers of specific skin types, testing may be conducted with that cohort to increase relevancy of such a claim.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety‐in‐use test of facial cosmetic products on normal and self‐assessed sensitive skin subjects

Gao,

Kern,

Schoborg

et al. 2024

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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BackgroundSafety‐in‐use (SIU) studies are commonly used by the cosmetic Industry to confirm the skin and ocular compatibility of cosmetic products under realistic in–use conditions. There are only limited case studies published about the design, outcome and interpretation of product SIU studies.ObjectiveA series of SIU case studies is presented to demonstrate the considerations in study design and how the methodology can help in supporting skin and ocular safety profile of facial cosmetic products within a population of different ethnicities with normal and self‐perceived sensitive skin.Subjects/MethodsIn a series of four single‐blinded SIU studies, more than 250 female study subjects of different ethnicities and with normal and self‐assessed sensitive skin were asked to use different facial cosmetic products including lotions, essences and cleansers according to the instructed usage conditions of these products. Each study was specifically designed according to product usage scenarios and target consumer groups. The primary measures of safety were based on dermal evaluations by a dermatologist for erythema and dryness/scaling and by an ophthalmologist for any visible signs of an ocular condition on eyelids, conjunctivae and cornea. The study subjects were also asked for any self‐perceived skin or eye reactions. Dermal and ocular irritation potential of the products under realistic product usage conditions was evaluated according to the measures.ResultsAcross all studies, objectively and self‐assessed mean scores for skin and eye effects did not indicate any cumulative response of the investigated products over the study period.ConclusionsAs a suitable tool for assessing and establishing the skin and eye compatibility of facial cosmetic products, SIU studies can be designed according to specific consumer groups, skin types and product usage scenarios to better predict realistic in‐use conditions. It can demonstrate the safe use of the investigated products for people of different ethnicities, skin types and with normal or self‐assessed sensitive skin, single product use or regimen use. The test results are consistent with the inherently low irritation potential of the products.

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