Dermal in vitro penetration of methiocarb, paclobutrazol, and pirimicarb: effect of nonylphenolethoxylate and protective gloves.

Abstract

Dermal exposure has become the major route of human occupational exposure to pesticides. Detergents are used as part of formulated pesticide products and are known to change the barrier properties of human skin in vitro. However, studies on the influence of detergents as well as protective glove materials on dermal penetration of pesticides are scarce. In an experiment using in vitro static diffusion cells mounted with human skin, we evaluated the effect of nonylphenol-ethoxylate on dermal penetration of three extensively used pesticides--methiocarb, paclobutrazol, and pirimicarb--and the protection against dermal penetration offered by protective gloves made of latex or nitrile. There was a general tendency, though not statistically significant for all pesticides, for nonylphenolethoxylate to decrease the percutaneous penetration of the three pesticides. The nitrile generally offered better protection against percutaneous penetration of pesticides than did latex, but the degree of protection decreased over time and depended on the pesticides used.

Recent Advances in Biopolymers

“…This parameter describes the time from the beginning of the exposure until the chemical appears on the inside of the glove [148]. As an example, the time range is from 15 minutes to more than 24 hours for different pesticides through different types of glove material [150,151] Furthermore, the resistance against penetration of a given toxic chemicals through a protective material will depend on chemical-specific physico-chemical properties [128]. This parameter is very important during manufacturability and testing or decontamination exercise.…”

Evolution of the percutaneous penetration and distribution of uranyl nitrate as a function of skin-barrier integrity: anin vitroassessment

“…This mainly concerns accidental chemical contact with skin in a domestic or industrial context. Recent years have witnessed a growing concern for this type of dermal exposure in the industry (Nielsen and Andersen, 2001), particularly in the nuclear industry (Wu and Fan, 1982;Berard et al, 1994;NCRP, 2007;Petitot et al, 2007aPetitot et al, , 2007b.…”