Dermal Absorption of Solvents as a Major Source of Exposure Among Shipyard Spray Painters

Chang, Fu-Kuei; Chen, Mei-Lien; Cheng, Shu-Fang; Shih, Tung‐Sheng; Mao, I‐Fang

doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e31803b94ac

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] There is an increasing public concern about environmental exposure to ambient levels of benzene as toxic air pollutant that need to be reduced. [1][2][3][4][5] There is an increasing public concern about environmental exposure to ambient levels of benzene as toxic air pollutant that need to be reduced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary S-phenylmercapturic Acid as a Key Biomarker for Measuring Occupational Exposure to Low Concentrations of Benzene in Chinese Workers

Song

Zhang

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary S-phenylmercapturic Acid as a Key Biomarker for Measuring Occupational Exposure to Low Concentrations of Benzene in Chinese Workers

Song

Zhang

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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“…Although inhalation is generally considered as the primary intake route of chemicals emitted during painting, several investigations have indicated the symptoms of skin diseases among painters. − These findings certainly suggest that dermal uptake may also be an important intake route of paint chemical following exposure. Chang et al attempted to assess dermal exposure of spray painters to xylene, an organic solvent which is generally used as a thinner in spray painting. In order to measure the dermal exposure, they used two layers of charcoal cloth fixed to an impervious backing that was attached to the skin of workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Skin Absorption Potential of Chemicals Relevant to Painting Trades

Ghosh

Krushna

Sharma

et al. 2023

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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Painters experience occupational exposure through inhalation and skin absorption to various chemicals that are used as ingredients of paint mixtures and other related painting trades. Although several investigations indicated significant contribution of exposure via skin absorption to exhibit harmful effects on health among painters, assessment of the skin absorption hazards of the paint chemicals is limited. Here, we evaluated the skin absorption of a number of organic chemicals relevant to painting trades using mathematical models. For this purpose, we estimated the skin permeability coefficient of the chemicals using the Potts and Guy correlation equation. The estimated permeability coefficients were further utilized to estimate the maximum flux of the non-volatile chemicals across the skin. The skin permeability coefficient and maximum flux of the chemicals across the skin were compared to those of the chemicals to which the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) assigned a “skin” notation. We critically analyzed the estimated maximum fluxes and the acute toxicity data of the chemicals available in the literature that helped to identify the chemicals posing a significant skin absorption hazard. The analyses suggest that triethanolamine and m-phenylenediamine pose significant skin absorption hazards, though these chemicals have not yet been assigned a “skin” notation in the ACGIH TLV book. The ratio of dermal uptake directly from air to inhalation intake of volatile solvents used in paint mixtures was estimated for a typical occupational setting. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone showed significant dermal uptake fraction compared to its intake via inhalation route.

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“…1 Clear coat formulations contain a wide variety of solvents including ketones, acetates, and aromatic hydrocarbons. 2–5 Skin exposures to isocyanates and solvents may be an important route of exposure for spray painters 6,7 and may cause irritation and contact dermatitis. 8 Also, animal studies suggest that respiratory sensitization may be initiated by dermal exposure to isocyanates increasing the risk for developing occupational asthma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Also, animal studies suggest that respiratory sensitization may be initiated by dermal exposure to isocyanates increasing the risk for developing occupational asthma. 10–15 Further, dermal exposure to solvents contributes to worker’s body burden, 6,9,16,17 increasing their risk for developing acute and chronic neurological symptoms. 9,18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Factors That Influence Protective Glove Use Among Automotive Spray Painters

Ceballos

Reeb-Whitaker

Glazer³

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Dermal contact with isocyanate-based coatings may lead to systemic respiratory sensitization. The most common isocyanates found in sprayed automotive coatings are monomeric and oligomeric 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Most spray painters use thin (4–5 mil) latex gloves that are not effective at preventing dermal exposures when spraying isocyanate paints. Personal interviews with collision repair industry personnel and focus groups with spray painters were held to characterize risk awareness, to examine perceptions and challenges concerning protective glove use and selection, and to generate ideas for protective glove use interventions. The most popular gloves among spray painters were thin (4–5 mil) and thick (14 mil) latex. We found that medium to thick (6–8 mil) nitrile were not always perceived as comfortable and were expected to be more expensive than thin (4–5 mil) latex gloves. Of concern is the users’ difficulty to distinguish between nitrile and latex gloves; latex gloves are now sold in different colors including blue, which has traditionally been associated with nitrile gloves. Even though spray painters were familiar with the health hazards related to working with isocyanate paints; most were not always aware that dermal exposure to isocyanates could contribute to the development of occupational asthma. There is a need for more research to identify dermal materials that are protective against sprayed automotive coatings. Automotive spray painters and their employers need to be educated in the selection and use of protective gloves, specifically on attributes such as glove material, color, and thickness.

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Dermal Absorption of Solvents as a Major Source of Exposure Among Shipyard Spray Painters

Abstract: :The present study indicated that dermal exposure to xylene significantly increased the urinary levels of MHA, suggesting that dermal exposure to solvents was an important route among spray painters.

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Urinary S-phenylmercapturic Acid as a Key Biomarker for Measuring Occupational Exposure to Low Concentrations of Benzene in Chinese Workers

Urinary S-phenylmercapturic Acid as a Key Biomarker for Measuring Occupational Exposure to Low Concentrations of Benzene in Chinese Workers

Evaluation of Skin Absorption Potential of Chemicals Relevant to Painting Trades

Understanding Factors That Influence Protective Glove Use Among Automotive Spray Painters

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