Dermacentor reticulatus – a tick on its way from glacial refugia to a panmictic Eurasian population

Bilbija, Branka; Spitzweg, Cäcilia; Papoušek, Ivo; Fritz, Uwe; Földvári, Gábor; Mullett, Martin; Ihlow, Flora; Sprong, Hein; Křížová, Kristína Civáňová; Anisimov, Nikolay V.; Belova, Oxana A.; Bonnet, Sarah; Bychkova, E.I.; Czułowska, Aleksandra; Duscher, Georg Gerhard; Fonville, Manoj; Kahl, Olaf; Karbowiak, Grzegorz; Kholodilov, Ivan S.; Kiewra, Dorota; Krčmar, Stjepan; Kumisbek, Gulzina; Ливанова, Н. Н.; Majláth, Igor; Manfredi, Maria Teresa; Mihalca, Andrei Daniel; Mirò, Guadalupe; Moutailler, Sara; Nebogatkin, Igor; Tomanović, Snežana; Vatansever, Zati; Yakovich, М. М.; Zanzani, Sergio Aurelio; Široký, Pavel

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.11.002

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The molecular studies have confirmed the morphological identification of two D. reticulatus nymphs. The nucleotide sequences of the cox1 gene fragment of tested nymphs were identical and highly similar (99.9%; 778/779) to the sequence originally obtained from D. reticulatus in Czech Republic (OM142141; 20 ) and Novosibirsk region in Russia (OM867328). Most D. reticulatus ticks were collected from September to November (21; 61.8%).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Rickettsia species in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks feeding on human skin and clinical manifestations of tick-borne infections after tick bite

Koczwarska,

Pawełczyk,

Dunaj-Małyszko

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are sporadically removed from human skin and therefore the medical consequences of their feeding are neglected compared to Ixodes ricinus. We investigated the prevalence of pathogens in D. reticulatus removed from human skin and possible clinical manifestations suggestive of tick-borne diseases after a tick bite. A total of 2153 ticks were studied and of these only 34 were D. reticulatus. The mean prevalence of Rickettsia in D. reticulatus was 50.0% and R. raoultii was identified in 82.4% of infected D. reticulatus ticks. We confirmed the first case of R. aeschlimannii infection in D. reticulatus ticks. Among participants bitten by D. reticulatus, 13.3% reported reddening around the tick bite site and flu-like symptoms, including lymphadenopathy and 3.3% reported eschar on the tick site bite. All of the participants with flu-like symptoms after tick removal were bitten by ticks infected with R. raoultii. The results of this study indicate that even though D. reticulatus ticks bite humans sporadically, pathogenic Rickettsia have a remarkably high prevalence in this tick species. We can expect that the incidence of tick-borne lymphadenopathy might increase with the reported expansion of the D. reticulatus into new areas and its growing abundance in Central Europe.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Rickettsia species in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks feeding on human skin and clinical manifestations of tick-borne infections after tick bite

Koczwarska,

Pawełczyk,

Dunaj-Małyszko

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…There were also previous records of Haemaphysalis concinna sampled near the Croatian northwestern border, on the island of Krk in the Croatian Littoral [20] and in the eastern parts of the country, where it was present in small numbers, representing only 2.6% of the collected specimens [47]. Even though the genus Dermacentor is the second most abundant ixodid taxon in the Western Palaearctic region [69,70], we have collected no representatives in our three-year research, which corresponds to its lowland habitat preferences and its absence from higher mountain regions [45,71]. However, we expected ticks from this genus at low-altitude hill sampling sites or in climatically favorable valleys at higher altitudes [72].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Altitudinal Distribution, Seasonal Dynamics and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Infections in Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Different Forest Communities in Inland Croatia

et al. 2023

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Altitudinal distributions, population structures and seasonal dynamics of tick fauna at three localities in Continental Croatia (Medvednica and Papuk) and an alpine biogeographic region (Gorski Kotar) were studied. Sampling of questing ticks was performed twice a year (spring and autumn, from 2019 to 2021) at different altitudes (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 m above sea level) using the flagging method. In total, 2942 ticks (53.9% larvae, 40.1% nymphs, 6.0% adults) were sampled and 2937 (99.83%) were determined as Ixodes ricinus, 4 (0.14%) as Haemaphysalis concinna and 1 (0.03%) as Ixodes frontalis. Ixodes ricinus was the only species found at all altitudes and sampling sites. The highest tick abundance was recorded at higher altitudes (800–1000 m asl.) on Medvednica and in Gorski Kotar within mixed forests of European beech and European silver fir, while on Papuk most of the ticks were sampled at lower altitudes (200 m asl.) in Sessile oak forest. From 27 pools containing 305 ticks, 1 (3.7%) was positive for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 20% (1/5) of the pools containing nymphs and adults collected in Gorski Kotar (600 and 800 m asl.). Sequencing of the ospA gene and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto genotype.

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“…For example, one study reported 21.3% of ticks were infected [ 96 ], while other studies undertaken at the same time and in the same region, and using the same detection method, reported infection rates of 0.7% or 2.5% [ 97 , 98 ]. The difference in infection rates between western and eastern tick populations may result from the presence of a non-endemic spatial gap for D. reticulatus (known as the central European gap) caused by the last glacial maximum, separating the two tick populations [ 73 , 99 ]. According to Földvári et al [ 73 ], the gap will probably disappear, and Kloch et al [ 100 ] proposed that livestock and humans travelling with their pets, rather than wildlife, likely play the main role in the dispersal of D. reticulatus , which is likely to lead to the end of the European gap.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Babesia Canismentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Babesiosis Caused by Large Babesia Species: Global Prevalence and Risk Factors—A Review

Zygner

Gójska-Zygner²,

Bartosik

et al. 2023

Animals

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Canine babesiosis is a disease caused by protozoan pathogens belonging to the genus Babesia. Four species of large Babesia cause canine babesiosis (B. canis, B. rossi, B. vogeli, and the informally named B. coco). Although canine babesiosis has a worldwide distribution, different species occur in specific regions: B. rossi in sub-Saharan Africa, B. canis in Europe and Asia, and B. coco in the Eastern Atlantic United States, while B. vogeli occurs in Africa, southern parts of Europe and Asia, northern Australia, southern regions of North America, and in South America. B. vogeli is the most prevalent large Babesia species globally. This results from its wide range of monotropic vector species, the mild or subclinical nature of infections, and likely the longest evolutionary association with dogs. The most important risk factors for infection by large Babesia spp. include living in rural areas, kennels or animal shelters, or regions endemic for the infection, the season of the year (which is associated with increased tick activity), infestation with ticks, and lack of treatment with acaricides.

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Dermacentor reticulatus – a tick on its way from glacial refugia to a panmictic Eurasian population

Cited by 10 publications

References 85 publications

Rickettsia species in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks feeding on human skin and clinical manifestations of tick-borne infections after tick bite

Rickettsia species in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks feeding on human skin and clinical manifestations of tick-borne infections after tick bite

Altitudinal Distribution, Seasonal Dynamics and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Infections in Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Different Forest Communities in Inland Croatia

Canine Babesiosis Caused by Large Babesia Species: Global Prevalence and Risk Factors—A Review

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