2012
DOI: 10.1100/2012/861576
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Deriving Freshwater Quality Criteria for Iron, Lead, Nickel, and Zinc for Protection of Aquatic Life in Malaysia

Abstract: Freshwater quality criteria for iron (Fe), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were developed with particular reference to aquatic biota in Malaysia, and based on USEPA's guidelines. Acute toxicity tests were performed on eight different freshwater domestic species in Malaysia which were Macrobrachium lanchesteri (prawn), two fish: Poecilia reticulata and Rasbora sumatrana, Melanoides tuberculata (snail), Stenocypris major (ostracod), Chironomus javanus (midge larvae), Nais elinguis (annelid), and Duttaphryn… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…The current freshwater guideline value for Ni used in Australia and New Zealand, based on global temperate toxicity data , is 11 μg Ni/L (using data normalized to a hardness of 30 mg CaCO 3 /L, n = 7). Acute water quality criteria for Ni derived for Malaysian soft freshwaters ranged from 19.9 to 82.5 μg Ni/L . Although this region is located within SEAM, the values were derived using acute data only, limiting their applicability for use as water quality guideline values to protect against long‐term impacts.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The current freshwater guideline value for Ni used in Australia and New Zealand, based on global temperate toxicity data , is 11 μg Ni/L (using data normalized to a hardness of 30 mg CaCO 3 /L, n = 7). Acute water quality criteria for Ni derived for Malaysian soft freshwaters ranged from 19.9 to 82.5 μg Ni/L . Although this region is located within SEAM, the values were derived using acute data only, limiting their applicability for use as water quality guideline values to protect against long‐term impacts.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various benthic and pelagic macroinvertebrates show a high tolerance for iron, such as the mollusc Melanoides tuberculata Müller 1774 which could withstand high iron concentrations by closing its tightly sealing operculum (Gerhardt 1992;Shuhaimi-Othman et al 2012a). The mayfly Leptophlebia marginata L. 1767 stopped feeding during the time of high iron concentrations up to 50 mg Fe L -1 and showed 95 % survival after 2 weeks (Gerhardt 1992).…”
Section: Direct Toxicity Testsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Local surveillance efforts in Iran prove that lead continues to be found often at toxic levels in the air, soil, and food supply [ 5 ]. Lead was reported as the most toxic metal in fresh water of Malaysia [ 6 ]. Consumption of vegetables produced on lead-contaminated soils is a health risk in Nigeria [ 7 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%