Derivatization of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine With 1,2-Naphthoquinone 4-Sulfonic Acid Into Solid-phase Extraction Cartridges. Determination of Amphetamine in Pharmaceutical and Urine Samples

Abstract

The derivatization of amphetamine and methamphetamine with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS) into solid-phase extraction cartridges (C18) is described. Optimum conditions were the use of carbonate-hydrogencarbonate buffer of pH 10, a 10 min reaction time at 25 degrees C and an NQS concentration of 9.6 x 10(-3) M. The accuracy and the precision of the method were tested. The results obtained with the proposed liquid-solid procedure were compared with those obtained with a traditional liquid-liquid extraction with hexane-ethyl acetate. The procedure was used to measure amphetamine in pharmaceutical and urine samples.

Forensic Science

“…A systematic evaluation that compares the recoveries of methamphetamine and amphetamine from spiked urine using SPE and GC/MS has been reported (217). The derivatization of amphetamine and methamphetamine using SPE for their detection in urine has been described (218). GC/FID and GC/FT-IR have been used to quantitatively determine amphetamine enantiomers (219).…”

Ionic‐liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the forensic determination of methamphetamine in human urine

“…In the analysis process for MAP, sample pretreatment plays the key role, which determines the detection efficiency. To date, several pretreatment technologies have been reported to assess MAP in human urine sample , such as LLE , SPME , single‐drop liquid microextraction and so on. During the SPE or traditional LLE, a large amount of toxic organic solvent and time have to be involved.…”

Field Method for the Determination of Hexavalent Chromium by Ultrasonication and Strong Anion-Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction

“…[18][19][20] By using either off-line or on-line methodologies, SPE has been employed for the isolation and preconcentration of a variety of analytes. 21,22 Despite these advances, there have been few applications of SPE to inorganics, including heavy metals. 23 Previously, no detailed studies on the use of a strong anion-exchange (SAE) solidphase extraction for the isolation of Cr VI have been reported.…”

“…In this work, solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to isolate Cr VI from Cr III and other metal cations. The use of SPE for the separation and preconcentration of trace polar or nonpolar target analytes has been widely investigated, ,, and the advantages of such a technique over a conventional liquid−liquid extraction, coprecipitation, electrochemical deposition, and evaporation have been well documented. − By using either off-line or on-line methodologies, SPE has been employed for the isolation and preconcentration of a variety of analytes. , …”