Derivation of State Factor Equations of Soils and Ecosystems

Jenny, Hans

doi:10.2136/sssaj1961.03615995002500050023x

Cited by 230 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…A chronosequence is a series of soils that developed from the same parental material, vegetation, topography and climate, with pedogenesis duration being the only varying factor (e.g., Jenny, 1961;Hugget, 1998;Schaetzl et al, 1994). As described above (Section 2.1), distances between pits are short and the slope is gentle, thus both climate and relief can be considered as constant over the soil sequence.…”

Section: Lateral and Vertical Variations In The Soil Parent Sediment mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Fe isotope fractionations trace the pedogenetic mechanisms involved in podzolization?

et al. 2017

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oStable Fe isotopes have shown the potential for tracing pedogenetic processes. Large isotopic fractionations were especially observed in Podzols. Nevertheless, a clear link between isotopic fractionation and elementary processes still needs to be established. To spatially distinguish the mechanisms successively involved in pedogenesis, we studied a podzolic chronosequence from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). We analyzed depth variations in soil properties (pH, particle size fractions, organic carbon, Si/Al ratio, Zr, Ti), Fe concentrations in different Fe pools, and Fe isotopic compositions. The Si/Al ratio, Zr, and Ti demonstrated that the Cox Bay Podzols developed from the same parental material, satisfying the requirements of a chronosequence. We showed that acidification, to a pH of 4.7, was a prerequisite for the start of podzolization. This first phase took place after 270 years. Furthermore, we observed that once the required pH was reached (4.7), podzolization occurred rapidly over 50 years. We found that Fe isotope fractionation in the A/E horizon was linked to mineral dissolution, while in the podzolic B horizons this fractionation was clearly associated with the accumulation of Fe-organic complexes and poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides.

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Section: Lateral and Vertical Variations In The Soil Parent Sediment mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Fe isotope fractionations trace the pedogenetic mechanisms involved in podzolization?

et al. 2017

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“…It is an important source of fresh produce and reduces food costs (Finster et al 2004). In soils, OM enhances soil structure, retention of nutrients, microbial biodiversity and resistance to erosion (Jenny, 1961) and compost amendment has been shown to increase the bioavailability of N, P, K to plants (Chaoui et al 2003).…”

Section: Assessing Risk To Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compost application affects metal uptake in plants grown in urban garden soils and potential human health risk

2011

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Purpose This study explores the effect of varying organic matter content on the potential human health risk of consuming vegetables grown in urban garden soils. Results and discussion Overall, the consumption of lettuce and green bean pods grown in some urban gardens posed a potential human health risk due to unacceptably high concentrations of cadmium or lead. In many cases, compost amendment increased the accumulation of metals in the vegetables. Even in soils considered uncontaminated by current guidelines, some hazard quotients exceeded the threshold value of 1. The compost used in this study had a high fulvic acid to humic acid ratio, which may explain increased concentrations of metals in plants grown in compost-amended soils. Materials and methodsConclusions These results indicate a need to include soil characteristics, specifically organic matter quality, when setting threshold criteria for metal content of urban garden soils.

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“…where the original soil-forming state factors have been simplified to represent the fluxes of matter and energy into the soil system (P x ), incorporating the influence of climate and biology, and the initial state of the soil-forming conditions (L o ), incorporating the influence of the initial topography and original soil parent material and time or age of the soil system (t) (Jenny, 1961). Equation (2) was further simplified to make the approach operational.…”

Section: Probabilistic Model Of Soil Property Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach increased our understanding of soil variation across each factor, but more complex, multivariate approaches are generally not possible or difficult to derive from this formulation (Yaalon, 1975). From the original state-factor model have evolved pedogenic models that include functional (Jenny, 1961), energetic (Rasmussen and Tabor, 2007;Rasmussen et al, 2005Rasmussen et al, , 2011Runge, 1973;Smeck et al, 1983;Volobuyev, 1964), and mechanistic approaches (Finke, 2012;Minasny and McBratney, 1999;Salvador-Blanes et al, 2007;Vanwalleghem et al, 2013). However, many of these approaches are either limited to a site-specific basis, require a high degree of parameterization, or lack wide-scale applicability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A probabilistic approach to quantifying soil physical properties via time-integrated energy and mass input

Shepard

Schaap

Pelletier

et al. 2017

SOIL

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Abstract. Soils form as the result of a complex suite of biogeochemical and physical processes; however, effective modeling of soil property change and variability is still limited and does not yield widely applicable results. We suggest that predicting a distribution of probable values based upon the soil-forming state factors is more effective and applicable than predicting discrete values. Here we present a probabilistic approach for quantifying soil property variability through integrating energy and mass inputs over time. We analyzed changes in the distributions of soil texture and solum thickness as a function of increasing time and pedogenic energy (effective energy and mass transfer, EEMT) using soil chronosequence data compiled from the literature. Bivariate normal probability distributions of soil properties were parameterized using the chronosequence data; from the bivariate distributions, conditional univariate distributions based on the age and flux of matter and energy into the soil were calculated and probable ranges of each soil property determined. We tested the ability of this approach to predict the soil properties of the original soil chronosequence database and soil properties in complex terrain at several Critical Zone Observatories in the US. The presented probabilistic framework has the potential to greatly inform our understanding of soil evolution over geologic timescales. Considering soils probabilistically captures soil variability across multiple scales and explicitly quantifies uncertainty in soil property change with time.

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Derivation of State Factor Equations of Soils and Ecosystems

Cited by 230 publications

References 0 publications

Can Fe isotope fractionations trace the pedogenetic mechanisms involved in podzolization?

Can Fe isotope fractionations trace the pedogenetic mechanisms involved in podzolization?

Compost application affects metal uptake in plants grown in urban garden soils and potential human health risk

A probabilistic approach to quantifying soil physical properties via time-integrated energy and mass input

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