Derivation of Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for Heavy Metals in Freshwater Organisms in Korea Using Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs)

Park, Jinhee; Kim, Sang Don

doi:10.3390/min10080697

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Studies have shown that the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for caffeine in rivers is 5.2 ppb (Komori et al, 2013). The PNEC marks the critical concentration at which an ecosystem can be adversely affected (Park and Kim, 2020). Another study determined 0.05 ppb to be the PNEC of caffeine on algae, invertebrates, and fishes (Szymczycha et al, 2020).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in key aquatic environments of the Philippines

Mariano,

Angeles,

Aga

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Pharmaceuticals in natural waters are considered emerging pollutants due to their low concentrations and the negative effects they pose to the environment. Common sources of such pollutants include untreated wastewater from hospitals, residential, industrial, and agricultural sources. Many wastewater treatment methods only remove a subset of all pharmaceuticals from the wastewater; remaining pharmaceuticals are discharged into natural waters, and ultimately drain into coastal areas. Regions without proper wastewater treatment are especially susceptible to such contamination. This study deals with the distribution, sources, and seasonal variability of pharmaceuticals in key aquatic systems in the Philippines. Two watershed continuums (Davao Gulf, Davao City; Macajalar Bay, Cagayan de Oro City); two tourist areas (Boracay Island, Aklan; Mabini, Batangas); and one pristine atoll (Tubbataha Reefs, Palawan)—all with varied prevailing human population pressures—were studied. Samples of hospital wastewater as well as groundwater, surface and bottom water samples from rivers and coastal seas collected during dry and wet seasons were analyzed using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Thirty-four target pharmaceutical residues and antibiotics were extracted and quantified. Acetaminophen was detected at concentrations of up to 289.17 ppb in freshwater samples, and at concentrations of up to 253.39 ppb in seawater samples. Ubiquitous to all the sites was caffeine, reaching 1848.57 ppb. Sulfamethazine, a commonly used veterinary antibiotic, was detected at 764.91 ppb in a river site in Cagayan de Oro. Untreated hospital wastewater contained metformin, iopamidol, sulfamethoxazole, acetylsulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, but these pharmaceuticals were not detected in other river and coastal waters. Samples collected during the dry season exhibited higher concentrations than those from the wet season, which appears to be related to increase in transient populations from tourism activities as well as dilution. The presence of pharmaceutical residues and antibiotics in these areas and the potential impact on the environment indicate the need for stricter wastewater management measures, particularly in communities located near water bodies. As the results of this study show, such measures might be most beneficial and effective if imposed during dry season and in areas open to tourism.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in key aquatic environments of the Philippines

Mariano,

Angeles,

Aga

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Wang et al constructed SSD curves to evaluate ecological risks of marine organisms (including crustacean, fish and mollusc) induced by five heavy metals (including Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg and As) in China’s coastal waters, and found that there were a certain high ecological risk point in Bohai Sea caused by Cu and Zn 10 . Park and Kim applied the SSD method to obtain the ecological risk threshold values of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for aquatic organisms living in Korea 36 . When evaluating the risk of aquatic organisms induced by heavy metal, SSD and ICE take into account the relationship between different species, the uncertainty caused by model selection, data availability and variances, and obtain the prediction and confidence interval through probability statistics, which greatly improves the reliability and credibility of the assessment results 32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological risk assessment of aquatic organisms induced by heavy metals in the estuarine waters of the Pearl River

Tang

Liu

Niu

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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With the rapid economic development of China's coastal areas and the growth of industry and population, the problem of heavy metal contamination in estuarine waters is increasing in sensitivity and seriousness. In order to accurately and quantitatively describe the current status of heavy metal contamination and identify sensitive aquatic organisms with high ecological risks, five heavy metals in eight estuaries of the Pearl River were monitored at monthly intervals from January to December in 2020, and the ecological risks of aquatic organisms induced by heavy metals were evaluated using Risk quotients (RQ) and species sensitivity distributions (SSD) methods. The results showed that the concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn in estuaries of the Pearl River were (0.65–9.25) μg/L, (0.07–11.57) μg/L, (0.05–9.09) μg/L, (< 0.40) μg/L and (0.67–86.12) μg/L, respectively. With the exception of Hg in Jiaomen water, the other heavy metals in each sampling site met or exceed the water quality standard of Grade II. The aquatic ecological risks of As, Pb and Hg were generally low in the waters of the Pearl River estuary, but individual aquatic organisms are subject to elevated ecological risks due to Cu and Zn. The content of Zn has a lethal effect on the crustaceans Temora Stylifera, and the content of Cu has a serious impact on the mollusks Corbicula Fluminea and has a certain impact on the crustaceans Corophium sp. and the fish Sparus aurata. Heavy metal levels and joint ecological risks (msPAF) in the Humen, Jiaomen, Hongqimen, and Hengmen estuaries were slightly higher than in other estuaries, and the Yamen estuary had the lowest contration of heavy metals and ecological risk. Research findings can serve as a basis for formulating water quality standards for heavy metals and for protecting aquatic biodiversity in the Pearl River Estuary.

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“…Cu compounds can cause significant risks to the aquatic environment. They are considered harmful to aquatic ecosystems, and crustaceans are considered the most sensitive organisms [95]. Fish, on the other hand, exhibit a wide range of toxicity values, but their ability to reproduce and grow can be impaired when chronically exposed to Cu [109].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pollution and Environmental Risk Assessment of Stormwater and the Receiving River, Case Study of the Sudół River Catchment, Poland

Godyń

Bodziony

Grela

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Changes in the land use of urban catchments and the discharge of stormwater to rivers are causing surface water pollution. Measurements were taken of the quality of discharged stormwater from two areas with different types of development: a residential area and a residential–commercial area, as well as the quality of the Sudół River water below the sewer outlets. The following indicators were studied: TSS, COD, N–NO3, N–NO2, TKN, TN, TP, Zn, Cu, Hg, HOI, and PAHs. The influence of land use on the magnitudes of flows in the river was modeled using the SCS–CN method and the Snyder Unit Hydrograph Model. The results showed an increase in sealing and a resulting increase in surface runoff. Concentrations of pollutants in stormwater and analysis of the potential amounts of loadings contributed by the analyzed stormwater outlets indicate that they may be responsible for the failure to meet environmental targets in the Sudół River. Environmental risk assessment shows that the aquatic ecosystem is at risk. A risk factor indicating a high risk of adverse environmental effects was determined for N–NO3, Zn, and Cu, among others.

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Derivation of Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for Heavy Metals in Freshwater Organisms in Korea Using Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs)

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in key aquatic environments of the Philippines

Emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in key aquatic environments of the Philippines

Ecological risk assessment of aquatic organisms induced by heavy metals in the estuarine waters of the Pearl River

Determination of Pollution and Environmental Risk Assessment of Stormwater and the Receiving River, Case Study of the Sudół River Catchment, Poland

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