Derepression of a proline transport system in Saccharomyces chevalieri by nitrogen starvation

Schwencke, Jaime; Magaña‐Schwencke, Nieve

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(69)90113-8

Cited by 55 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Group A amino acids are utilized early and rapidly during fermentation, group B amino acids are taken up more slowly and group C amino acids are utilized only when group A amino acids have been depleted. Under nitrogen-limited conditions it may also be possible that proline utilization will become derepressed (Schwencke & Magana-Schwencke, 1969), though its assimilation rate is likely to be limited under the anaerobic conditions coincident with nitrogen limitation during fermentation. it is only taken up when class A amino acids have been removed from the wort.…”

Section: Assimilable Nitrogen Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yeast cell therefore responds to nitrogen limitation by initiating a nitrogen-scavenging strategy: switching from selective to nonselective uptake of amino acids. Under nitrogen-limited conditions it may also be possible that proline utilization will become derepressed (Schwencke & Magana-Schwencke, 1969), though its assimilation rate is likely to be limited under the anaerobic conditions coincident with nitrogen limitation during fermentation. It has also been reported that amino acid limitation stimulates the uptake of peptides from wort (Island et al, 1987).…”

Section: Assimilable Nitrogen Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yeast responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling: Figure 1

et al. 2007

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During brewery handling, production strains of yeast must respond to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, osmolarity, ethanol concentration, nutrient supply and temperature. Fermentation performance of brewing yeast strains is dependent on their ability to adapt to these changes, particularly during batch brewery fermentation which involves the recycling (repitching) of a single yeast culture (slurry) over a number of fermentations (generations). Modern practices, such as the use of high-gravity worts and preparation of dried yeast for use as an inoculum, have increased the magnitude of the stresses to which the cell is subjected. The ability of yeast to respond effectively to these conditions is essential not only for beer production but also for maintaining the fermentation fitness of yeast for use in subsequent fermentations. During brewery handling, cells inhabit a complex environment and our understanding of stress responses under such conditions is limited. The advent of techniques capable of determining genomic and proteomic changes within the cell is likely vastly to improve our knowledge of yeast stress responses during industrial brewery handling.

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Section: Assimilable Nitrogen Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assimilable Nitrogen Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling: Figure 1

et al. 2007

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“…Some of these authors' recordings of proton uptake are reproduced in Figure 5. For several yeast species, certain sugars and inorganic phosphate were shown to enter the cells by proton symport71, 109, 331, 332, a stoicheiometric number of protons being taken up as co‐substrates and, probably, by an independent process. This uptake was balanced by the expulsion of an equivalent number of K + ions.…”

Section: Concentrative Solute Uptake: Active Transport and Proton Symmentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of research on yeasts 13. Active transport and the uptake of various metabolites¹

Barnett

2008

Yeast

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“…Cell recovery from TZ on glucose medium involves progressive development of the ability to exclude this analogue. Since studies with Saccharomyces chevalieri (4,10,11) have demonstrated that TZ is taken up by the proline uptake system, this exclusion may result from changes in this system. This uptake system is not tightly coupled to growth and cell division since both untreated and TZ-inhibited cells have similar uptake plots with respect to the age of the culture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Inhibition of Growth by the Proline Analogue Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid and Its Probable Mode of Action in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Paterniti

Wilkie²,

Eaton³

1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed differential growth inhibition when cultured on various carbon sources in the presence of the proline analogue thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TZ). On 0.5% yeast extract, 2% glucose and TZ (10 mg/ml) medium, growth lags from 8 to 10 h were observed, after which cells recovered and growth proceeded normally. Growth was totally inhibited on a medium of 0.5% yeast extract, 3% ethanol, and 5 mg of TZ per ml. This inhibition was not due to the inability of cells to undergo aerobic respiration, since similar media containing glycerol instead of ethanol allowed growth. Proline added to the culture medium reversed the lag on glucose and TZ medium but did not promote recovery on ethanol and TZ medium. TZ was found to have two probable modes of action in yeast. It was a noncompetitive inhibitor of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, and it was also found to be incorporated into cellular protein. Uptake studies using "4C-labeled TZ showed that the recovery on glucose was correlated with the progressive exclusion of the analogue from cells.Our study of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TZ) was undertaken as part of a program to screen amino acid analogues in an attempt to find those incorporated specifically into mitochondrially synthesized protein of yeast cells. It was reasoned that amino acid analogues that inhibited growth differentially on fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources would be useful in the study of mitochondrial biogenesis as well as cellular metabolism. Such differential growth inhibition should result from differences in specificity of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase (18).Although TZ does not specifically affect the mitochondrial system, its modes of action were investigated. In this report, we define specific factors affecting the response of yeast cells to this analogue. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrganisms and culture conditions. A haploid p+ strain, 1493-10C, with the genotype a, his4, gal3, MAL+, SUC+, MEL+, was used in all of the following studies. This strain was chosen because of its high susceptibility to TZ on several media. Cultures were routinely grown at 30 C in a New Brunswick Psycrotherm incubator with shaking at 250 rpm. Inocula were usually grown to stationary phase in 0.5% yeast extract (Difco) and 2% glucose (glucose medium), or 1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 2% glucose. Cells were washed by centrifugation before use. For differential growth experiments, 0.5% yeast extract was supplemented with one of the following carbon sources: 2% glucose (glucose medium), 3% glycerol (glycerol medium), 3% ethanol (ethanol medium), 3% glycerol and 2% ethanol (glycerol and ethanol medium), or 0.5% sodium acetate (acetate medium). Media were prepared at double strength so that an equal volume of either a stock TZ solution (20 mg/ml, filter sterilized) or sterile distilled water could be added as required.Growth experiments were carried out in 6-ml cultures. Cell number was determined by measuring the optical density of the cultur...

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Derepression of a proline transport system in Saccharomyces chevalieri by nitrogen starvation

Cited by 55 publications

References 24 publications

Yeast responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling: Figure 1

Yeast responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling: Figure 1

A history of research on yeasts 13. Active transport and the uptake of various metabolites¹

Selective Inhibition of Growth by the Proline Analogue Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid and Its Probable Mode of Action in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Derepression of a proline transport system in Saccharomyces chevalieri by nitrogen starvation

Cited by 55 publications

References 24 publications

Yeast responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling: Figure 1

Yeast responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling: Figure 1

A history of research on yeasts 13. Active transport and the uptake of various metabolites1

Selective Inhibition of Growth by the Proline Analogue Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid and Its Probable Mode of Action in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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A history of research on yeasts 13. Active transport and the uptake of various metabolites¹