Deregulation of Bone Forming Cells in Bone Diseases and Anabolic Effects of Strontium-Containing Agents and Biomaterials

Abstract

Age-related bone loss and osteoporosis are associated with bone remodeling changes that are featured with decreased trabecular and periosteal bone formation relative to bone resorption. Current anticatabolic therapies focusing on the inhibition of bone resorption may not be sufficient in the prevention or reversal of age-related bone deterioration and there is a big need in promoting osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. Enhanced understanding of the network formed by key signaling pathways and molecules regulating bone forming cells in health and diseases has therefore become highly significant. The successful development of agonist/antagonist of the PTH and Wnt signaling pathways are profits of the understanding of these key pathways. As the core component of an approved antiosteoporosis agent, strontium takes its effect on osteoblasts at multilevel through multiple pathways, representing a good example in revealing and exploring anabolic mechanisms. The recognition of strontium effects on bone has led to its expected application in a variety of biomaterial scaffolds used in tissue engineering strategies aiming at bone repairing and regeneration. While summarizing the recent progress in these respects, this review also proposes the new approaches such as systems biology in order to reveal new insights in the pathology of osteoporosis as well as possible discovery of new therapies.

Strontium content and collagen‐I coating of Magnesium–Zirconia–Strontium implants influence osteogenesis and bone resorption

“…Although the precise mechanism of the role of Sr concentration on osteogenesis and bone turnover is not fully understood, the increased bone formation and its suppressed turnover, within the specified implant period, suggests that Sr is dose dependently taken up and distributed by the osteoblasts in newly formed bone tissue. The Sr ions released from the degrading implant possibly affects the osteocytes, which in turn controls the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (Tan et al 2014). The mechanical pressure applied by the newly forming bone matrix is sensed by osteocytes.…”

Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys for Orthopedic Applications: A Materials Science Viewpoint

“…Strontium acts on bone cells to control bone resorption and regulate genes involved in osteoblastic cell replication, differentiation and survival. More specifically, it inhibits osteoclasts and therefore bone resorption, and improves the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts [182][183][184][185][186][187][188] . Li et al investigated the effects of 10% Sr substituted HA coatings on implant fixation in a rat model, and found that after 12 weeks, bone to implant contact increased by 49.9%…”

Potential mechanisms and applications of statins on osteogenesis: Current modalities, conflicts and future directions

“…In addition, inhibition of TGF-β action by SB431542 antagonized anti-apoptotic effects of pitavastatin, indicates the suppressive effect of pitavastatin on osteoblast apoptosis through TGFβ/Smad3 signaling pathway [81]. SB431542 is an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling pathways but has no effect on BMPs, so the TGFβ/Smad3 signaling pathway has no relationship with BMPs [19].…”