Derealization symptoms according to the subjective visual vertical during unilateral centrifugation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

When, where, and why should we look for vestibular dysfunction in people with diabetes mellitus?

“…Suggesting visual dependence, two studies identified worse responses in DM group SVV with altered visual stimuli (tilted frame, moving background) ( 46 , 55 ). And in suggestion of central compensation, Jauregui-Renaud et al ( 49 , 53 ) found worse bilateral SVV responses in people with DM during unilateral centrifugation as illustrated by less deviation from static values in comparison to control participants.…”

“…In contrast, the otolith received more attention than the SCCs, and SCC assessments were across a range of frequencies (low, middle, high; Table 2 ) ( 17 ) in people with Type 2 DM. Specifically, 10/11 studies detected some form of otolith dysfunction ( 43 , 45 – 53 , 57 ), and 4/7 studies identified SCC dysfunction ( 40 , 48 , 49 , 52 – 54 , 56 ). While one study did not report DM type and another did not differentiate between types ( 37 , 38 ), two studies compared classes of DM; demonstrating similarity in high frequency SCC testing (passive/active head thrust, video head impulse testing: vHIT) between people with Type 1 and 2 ( 40 , 56 ).…”

“…Four studies conducted tests within the subjective visual vertical (SVV) paradigm with a median DM group sample size of 47 and age of 57.5 years ( 46 , 49 , 53 , 55 ). Three studies failed to detect differences in static SVV ( 46 , 53 , 55 ).…”

“…Four studies conducted tests within the subjective visual vertical (SVV) paradigm with a median DM group sample size of 47 and age of 57.5 years ( 46 , 49 , 53 , 55 ). Three studies failed to detect differences in static SVV ( 46 , 53 , 55 ). While the fourth and largest ( N = 152) study found a significantly larger DM group static error, the group mean was within the typical normative range of 0–2 degrees ( 18 , 49 ).…”

“…Three studies employed rotational chair testing with a median DM group sample size of 64 and age of 60 years ( 40 , 49 , 53 ). Across two studies using rotational chair sinusoidal harmonic acceleration frequencies of 0.16 and 1.28 Hz, lower DM group VOR gain was observed in one cohort at 0.16 Hz ( 49 , 53 ).…”