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Synopsis:It had been known for many years in malleable foundries that small amounts of chromium having the retarding effect on the graphitization of ordinary black heart malleable iron both in the first and second stage annealing, especially on the latter. No research, however, with effective results to neutralize the retarding effect of chromium on annealing rate had been done. In view of the fact that manganese having strong affinity with sulphur neutralized the strong retarding effect of sulphur by forming manganese sulphide, if there were some alloying elements having strong affinity with chromium were investigated. As no detailed publication on the affinity among elements had been described, however, the auhors' researches were directed towards to investigate effects of 21 alloying elements on graphitization of the white iron containing 0.156% of chromium.Results obtained were summarized as follows:1) The ferrite matrix which was characteristic of malleable iron did not appear in the most specimens without containing boron, aluminium, silicon and 0.2% titanium and copper above 2.0 per cent. 2) Better results were obtained by adding aluminium, silicon, titanium, copper, boron and zirconium which had been known as strong deoxydizers. It had not yet been made clear however, if there were close relation between the better effect of above mentioned alloying elements in graphitization and the retarding effect of chromium.It was concluded that there was no strong graphitizer by which was neutratized the retarding effect of chromium as in order of 0.156% per cent content in the present research field.
Synopsis:It had been known for many years in malleable foundries that small amounts of chromium having the retarding effect on the graphitization of ordinary black heart malleable iron both in the first and second stage annealing, especially on the latter. No research, however, with effective results to neutralize the retarding effect of chromium on annealing rate had been done. In view of the fact that manganese having strong affinity with sulphur neutralized the strong retarding effect of sulphur by forming manganese sulphide, if there were some alloying elements having strong affinity with chromium were investigated. As no detailed publication on the affinity among elements had been described, however, the auhors' researches were directed towards to investigate effects of 21 alloying elements on graphitization of the white iron containing 0.156% of chromium.Results obtained were summarized as follows:1) The ferrite matrix which was characteristic of malleable iron did not appear in the most specimens without containing boron, aluminium, silicon and 0.2% titanium and copper above 2.0 per cent. 2) Better results were obtained by adding aluminium, silicon, titanium, copper, boron and zirconium which had been known as strong deoxydizers. It had not yet been made clear however, if there were close relation between the better effect of above mentioned alloying elements in graphitization and the retarding effect of chromium.It was concluded that there was no strong graphitizer by which was neutratized the retarding effect of chromium as in order of 0.156% per cent content in the present research field.
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