Der Starkeffekt des Wasserstoffs bei kleinen Feldstärken

Lüders, Gerhart

doi:10.1002/andp.19504430509

Cited by 11 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the second half of the last century, the density operator ρ(t) was introduced by Landau (1927); Lüders (1951);and von Neumann (1955) [see also Breuer and Petruccione (2002); Cohen-Tannoudji et al (1977); Diósi (1990); Gardiner and Zoller (2000); and L.D. Landau and Lifschitz (1980)].…”

Section: A Brief Historical Review: Rate Equations and Markov Mastermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems

2017

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Open quantum systems (OQSs) cannot always be described with the Markov approximation, which requires a large separation of system and environment time scales. Here, we give an overview of some of the most important techniques available to tackle the dynamics of an OQS beyond the Markov approximation. Some of these techniques, such as master equations, Heisenberg equations and stochastic methods, are based on solving the reduced OQS dynamics, while others, such as path integral Monte Carlo or chain mapping approaches, are based on solving the dynamics of the full system. We emphasize the physical interpretation and derivation of the various approaches, explore how they are connected and examine how different methods may be suitable for solving different problems.

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Section: A Brief Historical Review: Rate Equations and Markov Mastermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems

2017

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“…as, after each measurement which has failed to detect a photon, we have to project the quantized radiation field onto the vacuum state according to the von Neumann-Lüders postulate (Lüders, 1951;von Neumann, 1955). As s j − s j−1 obeys Eqs.…”

Section: Ensembles and Shelvingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantum-jump approach to dissipative dynamics in quantum optics

1998

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Dissipation, the irreversible loss of energy and coherence, from a microsystem is the result of coupling to a much larger macrosystem (or reservoir) that is so large that one has no chance of keeping track of all of its degrees of freedom. The microsystem evolution is then described by tracing over the reservoir states, which results in an irreversible decay as excitation leaks out of the initially excited microsystems into the outer reservoir environment. Earlier treatments of this dissipation used density matrices to describe an ensemble of microsystems, either in the Schrö dinger picture with master equations, or in the Heisenberg picture with Langevin equations. The development of experimental techniques to study single quantum systems (for example, single trapped ions, or cavity-radiation-field modes) has stimulated the construction of theoretical methods to describe individual realizations conditioned on a particular observation record of the decay channel. These methods, variously described as quantum-jump, Monte Carlo wave function, and quantum-trajectory methods, are the subject of this review article. We discuss their derivation, apply them to a number of current problems in quantum optics, and relate them to ensemble descriptions. [S0034-6861(98)00601-1] CONTENTS

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“…As an aside, it is interesting to note that the formulation of quantum measurement based on the projection postulate [16][17][18], taught in most classes on quantum mechanics, is a special case of the quantum operations formalism, obtainable by using a single projector A m = P m in the operator-sum representation for E m . The formalism of positive operator valued measures (POVMs) [15] is also related to the generalized measurements formalism: E m ≡ i A † mi A mi are the elements of the POVM which is measured.…”

Section: Quantum Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information transmission through a noisy quantum channel

1998

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Noisy quantum channels may be used in many information carrying applications. We show that different applications may result in different channel capacities. Upper bounds on several of these capacities are proved. These bounds are based on the coherent information, which plays a role in quantum information theory analogous to that played by the mutual information in classical information theory. Many new properties of the coherent information and entanglement fidelity are proved. Two non-classical features of the coherent information are demonstrated: the failure of subadditivity, and the failure of the pipelining inequality. Both properties arise as a consequence of quantum entanglement, and give quantum information new features not found in classical information theory. The problem of a noisy quantum channel with a classical observer measuring the environment is introduced, and bounds on the corresponding channel capacity proved. These bounds are always greater than for the unobserved channel. We conclude with a summary of open problems.Comment: 26 pages, REVTE

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Der Starkeffekt des Wasserstoffs bei kleinen Feldstärken

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems

Dynamics of non-Markovian open quantum systems

The quantum-jump approach to dissipative dynamics in quantum optics

Information transmission through a noisy quantum channel

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