Der Nervus musculocutaneus, seine Verlaufsvarietäten am Oberarm und deren Beziehung zur Entwicklung eines Caput tertium musculi bicipitis

Ferner, Helmut

doi:10.1007/bf02118846

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Its frequency is estimated at 8.5% by Buch-Hansen (1955) and to 10.4% by Vallois (1922). Ferner (1938) correlates this fact with the presence of a third head of Biceps m. However, we found no example of a third head of Biceps in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

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Classification of communications between the musculocutaneous and median nerves

1998

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In 16 out of 79 cadavers 22 communications were found between the musculocutaneous and median nerves. In six subjects they were present bilaterally. There were three types, based on the sites of communication. Type I: The communication was proximal to the entrance of the musculocutaneous nerve into coracobrachialis (9/22); Type II: The communication was distal to the muscle (10/22); Type III: The nerve as well as the communicating branch did not pierce the muscle (3/22). Bilateral communications were not necessarily of the same type. The possible clinical implications of these communications (relating either to the surgical approach to the shoulder joint, or to entrapment syndromes) are discussed. Clin. Anat. 11:327–331, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…The opposite situation, namely the presence of a communicating branch from median to musculocutaneous n. is not observed in this study, although it may be very rarely encountered (Ferner, 1938).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Classification of communications between the musculocutaneous and median nerves

1998

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“…Many authors have reported connections at the arm level between the musculocutaneous and median nerves (Turner, 1864(Turner, , 1872(Turner, , 1874(Turner, , 1879Calori, 1866;Bankart et al, 1869;Pye-Smith et al, 1870;Curnow, 1873;Testut, 1883Testut, , 1884Hepburn, 1887;Debierre, 1888;Villar, 1888;Hervé , 1889;Smith, 1895;Pohlman, 1908;Vitali, 1912;Ranschburg, 1917;Kerr, 1918;Ferner, 1938;Buch, 1964;Kosugi et al, 1986a,b;Bergman et al, 1988Bergman et al, , 2000LeMinor, 1990;Eglseder and Goldman, 1997;Nakatani et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Patterns of connections between the musculocutaneous and median nerves in the axilla and arm

et al. 2002

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Variations in connections between the musculocutaneous and median nerves in the arm are not as uncommon as was once thought. This opinion led us to perform a study in 138 cadavers (66 male, 72 female). These variations were seen in 64 cadavers (46.4%), 9 bilaterally and 55 unilaterally (26 right and 29 left); in total, therefore, variations were observed in 73 out of 276 arms (26.4%), 42 male and 31 female. No statistically significant differences by gender and side were observed. We classify the variations in three main patterns: Pattern 1, fusion of both nerves (14 arms, 19.2%); Pattern 2, presence of one supplementary branch between both nerves (53 arms, 72.6%); and Pattern 3, two branches (5 arms, 6.8%). Pattern 2 was further subdivided into a sub-group 2a when a single root from the musculocutaneous nerve contributed to the connection (51 arms, 69.9%), and 2b when there were two roots from the musculocutaneous nerve (2 arms, 2.7%). A combination of Patterns 1 and 2a was observed in one case (1.4%). Further variations are described, published classification systems are reviewed and a meta-analysis of previous results is presented. An overall incidence of 33% of variant arms was observed. Of these variant arms, Pattern 1 represented 13.1%, Pattern 2 represented 75.4%, and Pattern 3, 8.5%, similar to our figures.

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“…The relationship between the anomalous course of the McN and the occurrence of the additional head of the BBM has been previously discussed after the report of Ferner [4]. It is well known that mechanism of the formation of the variation of the McN fused with the MN was caused by the lack of the superficial head of the Cb separating both nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%