Der Einflu� der Etacryns�ure auf die Thiaminausscheidung im Harn

Kasper, Heinrich

doi:10.1007/bf01497311

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…42 mJ ( 1 0 ooo kcal)/d for 200 d. Some subjects increased their weight by 20% whilst others gained little and with difficulty although they were consuming more food: the energy cost of maintenance was increased by all subjects. Overfeeding with diets of different composition indicates that those low in protein and high in carbohydrate favour thermogenesis, but that the effect of fat depends upon its composition (Kasper & Plock, 1971;Goldman et al 1975).…”

Section: Regulation Of Energy Balance '97mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting energy expenditure

Miller

1982

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Sixteen years ago I presented a paper on this topic to this Society (Miller & Mumford, 1966) and much of the subject matter was highly controversial: some might say it still is. However, it is my contention that if controversy exists today it is largely terminological, and therefore essential to define some of the terms used, such that any debate may be scientific rather than semantic. My earlier paper began with a traditional treatment of the first law of thermodynamics (I):A Body energy = energy intake -energy expenditureA B = I -E In common with other authors at that time no units of measurement were indicated, despite the fact that it was common practice to measure intake as metabolizable energy but the other terms in gross energy; for human food the difference between gross and metabolizable energy was small (approximately 5%) but with the current fashion for high-fibre diets the error would be greater. In those days energy expenditure was conceptually made up of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) plus physical activity (A) plus specific dynamic action (SDA): (3)However, in practice, the energy costs of physical activity were measured as gross values (i.e. including BMR and SDA) and these were listed in the superb tables of Passmore & Durnin (1955) which have been widely used in time and motion studies to estimate energy expenditure. The net cost of physical activity (i.e. excluding BMR and SDA) was primarily the interest of exercise physiologists concerned with muscle metabolism, BMR that of clinicians concerned with thyroid disorders and SDA that of animal nutritionists producing fat stock. Much of this has changed and a more sensible way of looking at energy expenditure is given in Equation 4:It should be noted that work is the quantity of physical work performed on the external environment, since chemical work (e.g. the net cost of fat and protein synthesis), SDA, and even BMR will all appear as heat. Quantitatively the values for excreta and work are small, and a sedentary adult in our labour-saving society degrades almost all of his food energy to heat. If, in contrast to farm animals, he maintains weight for 50 years, his existence may be seen as a tedious degradation Energy output = excreta + work + heat

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Section: Regulation Of Energy Balance '97mentioning

confidence: 99%