Der Bimsstein von K�fels (Tirol), ein Bergsturz-?Friktionit?

Erismann, Theodor H.; Heuberger, Helmut; Preuss, Ekkehard

doi:10.1007/bf01081746

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…He further described the Köfels terrace being amphitheatre-shaped. This description is in accordance with the morphologic interpretation of the terrace as a landslide deposit (Erismann et al, 1977).…”

Section: Köfels Landslidessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Both studies provided insights, that cannot be explained by the model of Erismann et al (1977). Their model cannot explain the formation of (after Masch et al, 1985).…”

Section: Köfels Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preuss (1971Preuss ( , 1974 first proposed a landslide origin for the Köfels deposit and frictional melting as the mechanism of glass formation. Erismann et al (1977) estimated the kinetic energy of the displaced rock mass and demonstrated that the heat necessary to melt the rock could have been produced by the landslide itself. They named the pumice "frictionite".…”

Section: Köfels Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exceptional occurrence of rock melts within a landslide was attributed by Abele (1974) to the exceptional volume of the Köfels deposit (>2 km 3 ), being the largest landslide in crystalline rock in the Alps. Erismann et al (1977) introduced a two-stage model of landsliding, that explains the generation of glass on a secondary sliding surface (Figs. 2 and 3).…”

Section: Köfels Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examples of multiple rock-slope collapses from Köfels (Ötz valley, Austria) and western Norway

Hermanns

Blikra

Naumann

et al. 2006

Engineering Geology

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This paper describes the effects of large massive rock-slope failures on subsequent slope stability. Three examples of large rockslope failures from the Austrian Alps and Norway demonstrate that failure increases the probability of further collapses. At Köfels, Austria, a Holocene rock-slope failure several km 3 in size filled the Ötz valley. The morphology of the deposits indicates that at least one subsequent failure occurred along the head scarp of the first failure, most likely a slide of similar size. Debris of the second landslide slid over the older deposits, forming the famous Köfels frictionite. At least three rock-slope failures, all of them in excess of 10 6 m 3 , occurred from the same mountainside within the last 6000-8000 years at Tafjord in western Norway. The most recent of these failures in 1934, triggered a destructive tsunami. Five large failures with volumes z50,000m 3 occurred at Ramnefjell, Norway within 50 years; two of them caused considerable damage and a large number of death due to the formation of destructive tsunamis. Two-dimensional finite element models of rock-slope stability before and after the Köfels and Tafjord landslides show that massive rock-slope failures produce: (a) irregular slopes, parts of which are as steep or steeper than the slope before failure and which represent new zones of instability; and (b) zones of weakness related to slow slope deformation and related cracking.

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Section: Köfels Landslidessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Both studies provided insights, that cannot be explained by the model of Erismann et al (1977). Their model cannot explain the formation of (after Masch et al, 1985).…”

Section: Köfels Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Köfels Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Köfels Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Examples of multiple rock-slope collapses from Köfels (Ötz valley, Austria) and western Norway

Hermanns

Blikra

Naumann

et al. 2006

Engineering Geology

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show abstract

“…5) mit dermaßen großer Geschwindigkeit (ca. 250 km/h), dass es aufgrund der hohen Reibungswärme (z. T. über 1000 Grad C) nahe und entlang der (den) Gleitfläche(n) zu Gesteinsbrekzierung und Gesteinsaufschmelzung kam (Erismann, Heuberger & Preuss, 1977;Masch & Preuss, 1977;Masch, Wenk & Preuss, 1985;Preuss, 1986). Die daraus nach der Abkühlung entstandenen speziellen Metamorphite mit Deformations gefügen wurden in ihrer lokalen Ausbildung früher mit Hyalomylonite (Scott & Drever, 1953), heute als Friktionite bezeichnet.…”

Section: Bewegungsablauf Und Bildungsbedingungen Für Friktionit (Hyalunclassified

The Integration of the Direct and Indirect Methods in Lichenometry for Dating Buddhist Sacred Walls in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya

Emerman

Adhikari²,

Panday³

et al. 2016

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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ZusammenfassungDie gewonnen geologischen, geomorphologischen und geotechnischen Grundlagenerkenntnisse an der im Kristallin weltweit gewaltigsten und einzigartigen Großmassenbewegung des Tsergo Ri im Langthangtal des zentralen Nepal Himalaya entschlüsselten nicht nur den chronologischen Ablauf der Paläo-Ereignisse vor Ort, sondern können auch direkt auf eine Einstufung des rezenten Gefahrenpotentials dieser Gegend und ähnlich geotektonisch-lithologisch positionierter Bereiche des Himalaya und der Erde angewendet werden. Dies konnte vorerst am Beispiel weiterer, kleinerer Bergstürze im Langthangtal selbst, im Kristallin des Annapurna Massivs und mit einem Vergleich zu einer Felslawine in Zentralchina bestätigt werden.

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Progressive flash heating and the evolution of high‐velocity rock friction

Chen

Rempel

2014

JGR Solid Earth

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Accurate descriptions of strength evolution are required in predictive models of fault zone behavior during earthquakes. At low sliding rates, frictional resistance between fault rocks is much higher than the shear stress that is typically inferred to be present during earthquakes. Laboratory experiments confirm that the friction coefficient drops at high sliding rates, and it is suggested that strengthening, possibly related to an increase in the area of viscous melt patches, may occur after this initial weakening stage. Most existing weakening mechanisms do not predict such strengthening, which may exert an important control on the thickness of the shear zone. We propose a micromechanical model of flash heating that describes how shear resistance evolves at the asperity scale as a result of distributed deformation over a weak layer that grows during the brief lifetime of each asperity contact. Beyond a threshold weakening velocity, our model predicts that friction should decrease with slip rate since higher sliding speeds cause the weak layer to thicken more rapidly. A comparison with published experimental data from a range of mineral systems shows good agreement with the model predictions. The parameter choices that ensure good model fits to the laboratory friction data are consistent with a priori estimates for the onset of asperity melting at high contact normal stresses. At higher sliding rates and/or elevated temperatures, our model predicts that the frictional rate dependence should transition from velocity weakening to become velocity strengthening because decreases in the contact lifetime with slip rate cause the average asperity strength to increase.

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Der Bimsstein von K�fels (Tirol), ein Bergsturz-?Friktionit?

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Examples of multiple rock-slope collapses from Köfels (Ötz valley, Austria) and western Norway

Examples of multiple rock-slope collapses from Köfels (Ötz valley, Austria) and western Norway

The Integration of the Direct and Indirect Methods in Lichenometry for Dating Buddhist Sacred Walls in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya

Progressive flash heating and the evolution of high‐velocity rock friction

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