Der Anteil der Oribatiden an den Zersetzungsvorgängen im Boden

Schuster, Reinhart

doi:10.1007/bf00699814

Cited by 125 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Their food generally consists of decaying higher plant material and saprophytic fungi (31,32), although stable isotope studies indicate that necrophagy or predation on small invertebrates is common, especially in tropical soils (32,33). Oribatid mites posses paired exocrine glands (34), called opisthonotal or oil glands, that secrete a wide range of organic compounds, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, aromatics, aliphatic aldehydes, a ketone, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, an alkyl formate, and hydrocarbons (12,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids in poison frogs

Saporito

Donnelly²,

Norton³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

160

181

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Alkaloids in the skin glands of poison frogs serve as a chemical defense against predation, and almost all of these alkaloids appear to be sequestered from dietary arthropods. Certain alkaloid-containing ants have been considered the primary dietary source, but dietary sources for the majority of alkaloids remain unknown. Herein we report the presence of ≈80 alkaloids from extracts of oribatid mites collected throughout Costa Rica and Panama, which represent 11 of the ≈24 structural classes of alkaloids known in poison frogs. Forty-one of these alkaloids also occur in the dendrobatid poison frog, Oophaga pumilio , which co-occurs with the collected mites. These shared alkaloids include twenty-five 5,8-disubstituted or 5,6,8-trisubstituted indolizidines; one 1,4-disubstituted quinolizidine; three pumiliotoxins; and one homopumiliotoxin. All but the last of these alkaloid classes occur widely in poison frogs. In addition, nearly 40 alkaloids of unknown structure were detected in mites; none of these alkaloids have been identified in frog extracts. Two of these alkaloids are homopumiliotoxins, five appear to be izidines, four appear to be tricyclics, and six are related in structure to poison frog alkaloids that are currently unclassified as to structure. Mites are common in the diet of O. pumilio , as well as in the diets of other poison frogs. The results of this study indicate that mites are a significant arthropod repository of a variety of alkaloids and represent a major dietary source of alkaloids in poison frogs.

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Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids in poison frogs

Saporito

Donnelly²,

Norton³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

160

181

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“…Four main groups, based on modes of feeding, are commonly recognized: macrophytophages, which feed mainly on decaying higher plant material and rarely on fungi; microphytophages, those types feeding on fungi, bacteria, and other microflora; panphytophages, which have an expanded diet breadth, including plant matter as well as fungi; and coprophages, the diet of which includes fecal material [54,55]. As the coprophagous habit probably is neither obligatory nor followed to the exclusion of other types of feeding, coprophages may reasonably be classed with the panphytophages [44].…”

Section: Acarimentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Arthropods in Maintaining Soil Fertility

2013

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Abstract:In terms of species richness, arthropods may represent as much as 85% of the soil fauna. They comprise a large proportion of the meso-and macrofauna of the soil. Within the litter/soil system, five groups are chiefly represented: Isopoda, Myriapoda, Insecta, Acari, and Collembola, the latter two being by far the most abundant and diverse. Arthropods function on two of the three broad levels of organization of the soil food web: they are plant litter transformers or ecosystem engineers. Litter transformers fragment, or comminute, and humidify ingested plant debris, which is deposited in feces for further decomposition by micro-organisms, and foster the growth and dispersal of microbial populations. Large quantities of annual litter input may be processed (e.g., up to 60% by termites). The comminuted plant matter in feces presents an increased surface area to attack by micro-organisms, which, through the process of mineralization, convert its organic nutrients into simpler, inorganic compounds available to plants. Ecosystem engineers alter soil structure, mineral and organic matter composition, and hydrology. The burrowing by arthropods, particularly the subterranean network of tunnels and galleries that comprise termite and ant nests, improves soil porosity to provide adequate aeration and water-holding capacity below ground, facilitate root penetration, and prevent surface crusting and erosion of topsoil. Also, the movement of particles from lower horizons to the surface by ants and termites aids in mixing the organic and mineral fractions of the soil. The feces of arthropods are the basis for the formation of soil aggregates and humus, which physically stabilize the soil and increase its capacity to store nutrients.

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“…The various feeding patterns are observed due to differences in various food preferences. Schuster [1] and Kaneko [2] had classified mites on the basis of food preferences. Luxton [3] reported that due to mite feeding, colour of produce changes from shiny to dull which slowly turns into blackish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage potential of Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank (Acari: Acaridae) in mushrooms

2017

ELSR

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Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank (Acari: Acaridae), is one of the most serious pests of high protein food including mushrooms. It is known to feed and disperse various pathogenic fungi in stored grain and products. It causes economic losses in stored products in addition to allergic disorder in workers handling stored products. Understanding T. putrescentiae multiplication on Agaricus bisporus compost, fruiting bodies, its role in transmission of disease is of paramount importance for the standardization of control measures. Documentation of the population abundance and selection of best compost for white button mushroom farming would open up new scope for farmers. Considering the above facts, efforts have been made to assemble the available literature in this article.

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Der Anteil der Oribatiden an den Zersetzungsvorgängen im Boden

Cited by 125 publications

References 13 publications

Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids in poison frogs

Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids in poison frogs

Role of Arthropods in Maintaining Soil Fertility

Damage potential of Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank (Acari: Acaridae) in mushrooms

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