Depth zonation of Northwest Pacific deep-sea macrofauna

Brandt, Angelika; Alalykina, Inna L.; Brix, Saskia; Brenke, Nils; Błażewicz, Magdalena; Golovan, Olga A.; Johannsen, Nele; Hrinko, Anna M.; Jażdżewska, Anna; Jeskulke, K.; Kamenev, Gennady M.; Lavrenteva, A.; Malyutina, Marina V.; Riehl, Torben; Lins, Lidia

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102131

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It has already been documented that trenches and their adjacent abyssal plain can differ significantly in their macrobenthic (Jamieson et al, 2011;Fujii et al, 2013;Gallo et al, 2015) and meiobenthic communities (Kitahashi et al, 2013;Leduc et al, 2016;Schmidt et al, 2019), due to the combination of environmental conditions at trenches floor that are not found in any other deep-sea environment. However, these geographical and depth gradients do not act as sharp boundaries but rather as transitional zones (Jamieson et al, 2011), thus still the hadal zone can share few fauna species with abyssal communities, but less likely with bathyal ones (Eustace et al, 2016;Brandt et al, 2019). The precise depth at which this transition occurs is expected to be trench-specific (Fujii et al, 2013;Schmidt and Martínez Arbizu, 2015), and may vary within trenches.…”

Section: Hadal Vs Abyssal and Bathyal Depthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hadal Mud Dragons: First Insight Into the Diversity of Kinorhyncha From the Atacama Trench

et al. 2021

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Deep-sea trenches are one of the last frontiers for deep-sea exploration and represent a large reservoir of undiscovered biodiversity. This applies in particular to organisms belonging to smaller-size classes, such as meiofauna. Among different meiofauna taxa, kinorhynchs represent a large gap in our knowledge about global marine biodiversity in general, but primarily in extreme deep-sea environments. Out of the more than 300 known mud dragon species, only a single species has ever been described from hadal depths (> 6000 m), i.e., Echinoderes ultraabyssalis from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. The results presented in this paper are based on material collected during a research expedition in 2018 investigating the Atacama Trench environment. We provide a first overview and comparison of the diversity and abundance of mud dragons in the Atacama Trench, the adjacent abyssal plain and continental slope off Chile. The study revealed six species of Echinoderes. Of these, Echinoderes mamaqucha sp. nov. is described as a new species and morphological data of three undescribed species are given. Because of the low number of available specimens, we provide only a brief description of these three species and comparison with their morphologically closest congeners, but formal descriptions are not given. Moreover, Echinoderes juliae and Echinoderes pterus were also recovered. Echinoderes juliae was described from the abyssal plain off Oregon and along the continental rise off California, at 2702 to 3679 m depth. Echinoderes pterus is known from the high Arctic, the North Atlantic, and the Mediterranean Sea, and has also been reported to show a wide bathymetric distribution, from 675 to 4403 m. Interestingly, E. mamaqucha sp. nov. dominated at the trench stations and it reached its highest abundance at the deepest station, at 8085 m water depth. The only other single individual that was found in the Atacama Trench was Echinoderes sp.1. The remaining four species were all found at the abyssal and slope stations. The obtained results seem to confirm previous hypotheses about geographic isolation of deep-sea trenches and relatively low connectivity with other habitats, reflected by limited diversity of sediment dwelling fauna, particularly in the deepest parts of trenches.

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Section: Hadal Vs Abyssal and Bathyal Depthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hadal Mud Dragons: First Insight Into the Diversity of Kinorhyncha From the Atacama Trench

et al. 2021

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“…Deep, marginal, semi-enclosed seas and ocean trenches differ greatly in their geomorphology, structure of bottom sediments, hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the nearbottom water from the vast abyssal plains that occupy a larger part of the ocean floor (Ushakov, 1953;Belyaev, 1989;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2010;Danovaro et al, 2014;Tyler et al, 2016). The specific environmental conditions in ocean trenches and deep marginal seas largely affect the abundance, species composition, distribution, and adaptation of bottom animals living in deep-sea habitats (Ushakov, 1953;Savilov, 1961;Belyaev, 1989;Danovaro et al, 2010;Jamieson, 2015;Oug et al, 2017;Brandt et al, 2018Brandt et al, , 2019Mironov et al, 2019a). However, the abundance, species diversity and distribution of bottom animals in deep-sea basins of seas and oceanic trenches, as well as the factors responsible for the composition and distribution of their abyssal and hadal communities, are still very poorly understood (Belyaev, 1989;Jamieson et al, 2010;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2010;Tyler et al, 2016;Howell et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the bottom fauna of the Kuril Basin and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench were studied by the Russian-German SokhoBio (Sea of Okhotsk Biodiversity Studies) expedition (2015) and the German-Russian KuramBio II (Kurile-Kamchatka Biodiversity Studies II) expedition (2016). The main goal of these expeditions was to study the species composition and distribution patterns of bottom animals, as well as to assess the faunal relationships in the deep-sea ecosystems of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench separated by such a natural barrier as the Kuril Islands Brandt et al, 2019). As a result, numerous species from different taxonomic groups of animals were described, the composition of macro-and meiofauna and the patterns of distribution of the main taxonomic groups of animals were studied, the faunal relationship and levels of endemism of these deep-sea areas were estimated (e.g., Maiorova, 2018, 2019;Alalykina, 2018;Brandt et al, 2018Brandt et al, , 2019Polyakova, 2018, 2019;Fukumori et al, 2018Fukumori et al, , 2019Kamenev, 2018aKamenev, ,b, 2019Kamenev, , 2020Maiorova and Adrianov, 2018a,b;Brandt, 2018, 2020;Mironov et al, 2018Mironov et al, , 2019bBorisanova and Chernyshev, 2019;Brandão et al, 2019;Mordukhovich et al, 2019;Schmidt et al, 2019;Alalykina and Polyakova, 2020;Maiorova and Adrianov, 2020;Saeedi and Brandt, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrofauna and Nematode Abundance in the Abyssal and Hadal Zones of Interconnected Deep-Sea Ecosystems in the Kuril Basin (Sea of Okhotsk) and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (Pacific Ocean)

et al. 2022

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The Kuril Basin and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench are two interconnected deep-sea ecosystems both located in one of the most highly productive regions of the world’s oceans. The main distinguishing features of these deep-sea ecosystems are the low oxygen concentration in the near-bottom water in the Kuril Basin, and the high hydrostatic pressure in the trench. We investigated the abundance of meio- and macrobenthic nematodes and macrofauna on the Kuril Basin floor (depths of 3,300–3,366 m) and in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench area (depths of 3,432–9,539 m), as well as the influence of some environmental factors on the quantitative distribution of bottom fauna. This was not studied so far. The study also focused on the species composition and quantitative distribution of Polychaeta and Bivalvia, which were dominant in abundance among macrofaunal samples. The main factors influencing the quantitative distribution of macrofauna and nematodes were depth, oxygen concentration, and structure of bottom sediments. The Kuril Basin bottom communities are characterized by a high abundance of nematodes and macrofauna, a high species richness of polychaetes, and a pronounced dominance of small-sized species of Polychaeta and Bivalvia, which are probably more tolerant to low oxygen concentrations. Compared to the Kuril Basin, the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench area (at depths of 3,432–5,741 m) had a more diverse and abundant macrofauna, and a very high abundance of meio- and macrobenthic nematodes. In the trench (at depths more than 6,000 m), the diversity of macrofauna and the abundance of macrobenthic nematodes decreased, while the abundance of macrofauna increased with increasing depth. On the trench floor, the macrofaunal abundance was highest due to the high density of populations of several bivalve and polychaete species, apparently adapted to the high hydrostatic pressure on the trench floor. Obviously, the high primary production of surface waters supports the diverse and abundant deep-sea bottom fauna in the studied areas of the northwestern Pacific. Furthermore, a large number of animals with chemosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria were found in the bottom communities of the Kuril Basin and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. This suggests a significant contribution of chemosynthetic organic carbon to functioning of these deep-sea ecosystems.

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“…The northwestern Pacific Ocean has high species richness that is considered to be attributed to its high topographic complexity, which includes large semienclosed seas, several islands, and deep-sea trenches (Fujikura et al, 2010;Brandt et al, 2019). Such topographic complexity is also expected to result in high species and genetic diversity in deep-sea fishes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding of deep-sea fishes from the northwestern Pacific Ocean: a resource for identifying hidden genetic diversity in deep-sea fishes

Teramura

Koeda²,

Senou

et al. 2021

Preprint

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COI-based DNA barcoding could be an efficient tool for species identification of deep-sea fishes and could lead to the discovery of cryptic species diversity. However, the availability of reference sequences of deep-sea fishes for DNA barcoding is limited, especially for fishes in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In this study, we performed DNA barcoding of mesopelagic and demersal fish species on the continental shelf and upper slope, collected from deepwater fisheries around Japan and southern Taiwan, to accumulate the reference sequences of deep-sea fishes in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Overall, we obtained the COI sequences of 123 species from 50 families. Genetic diversity within each species for which COI sequences were obtained from multiple specimens was examined, and we found that Chimaera phantasma (Chimaeridae), Harpadon microchir (Synodontidae), and Pyramodon ventralis (Carapidae) showed high intraspecific genetic differentiation of more than 2% Kimura two-parameter distance. Moreover, for 19 widespread deep-sea fishes, a comparison between our data and previously acquired COI sequence data suggested a high level (more than 2% Kimura two-parameter distance) of genetic differentiation between the northwestern Pacific Ocean and other oceans in each widespread species. These results suggest that many cryptic species or regional populations have not yet been discovered in deep-sea fishes. Alternatively, genetic differentiation was not found worldwide for six species. These results indicate that many taxonomic and biogeographical issues remain for deep-sea fishes, and our DNA barcoding data would provide better understanding of these issues.

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Depth zonation of Northwest Pacific deep-sea macrofauna

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Hadal Mud Dragons: First Insight Into the Diversity of Kinorhyncha From the Atacama Trench

Hadal Mud Dragons: First Insight Into the Diversity of Kinorhyncha From the Atacama Trench

Macrofauna and Nematode Abundance in the Abyssal and Hadal Zones of Interconnected Deep-Sea Ecosystems in the Kuril Basin (Sea of Okhotsk) and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (Pacific Ocean)

DNA barcoding of deep-sea fishes from the northwestern Pacific Ocean: a resource for identifying hidden genetic diversity in deep-sea fishes

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