Depth Profile Study of Abnormal Collagen Orientation in Keratoconus Corneas

Abstract

1. Yagi T, Sotozono C, Tanaka M, et al. Cytokine storm arising on the ocular surface in a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011; 95(7):1030-1031. 2. Ueta M, Sotozono C, Nakano M, et al. Association between prostaglandin E receptor 3 polymorphisms and Stevens-Johnson syndrome identified by means of a genome-wide association study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(6): 1218-1225, e10. 3. Ueta M, Matsuoka T, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S. Prostaglandin E2 suppresses polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C)-stimulated cytokine production via prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 2 and 3 in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(6):859-863. 4. Ueta M, Matsuoka T, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S. Prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3 downregulates TSLP expression in human conjunctival epithelium. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(5):742-743. 5. Ueta M, Kinoshita S. Innate immunity of the ocular surface. Brain Res Bull. 2010;81(2-3):219-228. 6. Takayama K, García-Cardena G, Sukhova GK, Comander J, Gimbrone MA Jr, Libby P. Prostaglandin E2 suppresses chemokine production in human macrophages through the EP4 receptor.

Inverse computational analysis of in vivo corneal elastic modulus change after collagen crosslinking for keratoconus

“…Keratoconus (KC) is a degenerative corneal disease where the normal composite structure of the cornea is drastically modified in end-stage disease (Meek et al, 2005; Hayes et al, 2012; Ruberti et al, 2011). Clinical signs of KC such as corneal topographic distortion, corneal stress lines, and rupture of Descemet membrane suggest biomechanical failure as a central feature of the disease.…”

Nonlinear optical collagen cross-linking and mechanical stiffening: a possible photodynamic therapeutic approach to treating corneal ectasia

“…2,3 How these different collagen fiber and fibril alignments control corneal mechanical properties and shape remain unknown. Although previous studies have shown that keratoconus corneas show structural changes in the anterior cornea, 4,38,39 whether cross-linking limited to the anterior 300 μm of stroma provides the most effective treatment is also not known. Since NLO CXL can be performed regionally and is not limited solely to the anterior cornea, the effects of different treatment strategies involving different depths, thicknesses, and patterns could be easily tested and may provide improved treatment outcomes.…”

From nano to macro: Studying the hierarchical structure of the corneal extracellular matrix

“…Loss of these mechanical “struts” would perhaps facilitate the slippage of collagen from the central cornea leading to progressive astigmatism as suggested by the x-ray scattering data discussed above (Meek et al, 2005 Hayes et al, 2007a; 2012) and by previous investigators (Polack, 1976; Smolek and Klyce, 2000). Clearly, a better understanding of how collagen lamellae are organized in normal and keratoconus corneas is needed to determine the importance of these structures to the maintenance of corneal shape and the pathogenesis of this disease.…”

“…Keratoconus was also studied by Daxer and Fratzl (1997) who reported a disturbance of the lobed interfibrillar SAXS reflection in x-ray patterns obtained from the centres of post-operative keratoconic corneas, which pointed to a lessening of the preferential orthogonal alignment of collagen. More contemporary, quantitative investigations of keratoconus have used WAXS to map changes in collagen orientation and distribution, and this has led to a compelling model of disease progression in which the slippage of collagen lamellae in the cornea, especially the central cornea, leads to the physical manifestations of corneal thinning and protrusion (Meek et al, 2005; Hayes et al, 2007a, 2012). Similar experimental approaches have recently been applied to investigations of the posterior segment, disclosing alterations in collagen anisotropy in the peripapillary sclera associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (Pijanka et al, 2012).…”