Depth patterns in Antarctic bryozoan skeletal Mg-calcite: Can they provide an analogue for future environmental changes?

Figuerola, Blanca; Kukliński, Piotr; Taylor, Paul D.

doi:10.3354/meps11515

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The small effect size of differences among sites could reflect the relatively stable environment which occurs in the water column beneath long-lived sea ice. These bays, which are covered by fast sea-ice almost all the year, have little annual variation in seawater temperatures and would therefore have little influence on the skeletal Mg contents in calcite in any species there, as suggested in previous studies focusing on cold water bryozoans [24,25]. However, the differences between sites could be due to variation in other factors such as freshwater input from summer ice melt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several studies have demonstrated that marine calcifiers such as bryozoans, coccoliths, foraminifera and sea stars can respond differently to a range of environmental factors (e.g. water temperature, alkalinity, salinity and Mg/Ca ratio of seawater) [12,24,25,58–60]. The small effect size of differences among sites could reflect the relatively stable environment which occurs in the water column beneath long-lived sea ice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-temporal variation of skeletal Mg-calcite in Antarctic marine calcifiers

et al. 2019

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Human driven changes such as increases in oceanic CO 2 , global warming, petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals may negatively affect the ability of marine calcifiers to build their skeletons/shells, especially in polar regions. We examine spatio-temporal variability of skeletal Mg-calcite in shallow water Antarctic marine invertebrates using bryozoan and spirorbids as models in a recruitment experiment of settlement tiles in East Antarctica. Mineralogies were determined for 754 specimens belonging to six bryozoan species (four cheilostome and two cyclostome species) and two spirorbid species from around Casey Station. Intra- and interspecific variability in wt% MgCO 3 in calcite among most species was the largest source of variation overall. Therefore, the skeletal Mg-calcite in these taxa seem to be mainly biologically controlled. However, significant spatial variability was also found in wt% MgCO 3 in calcite, possibly reflecting local environment variation from sources such as freshwater input and contaminated sediments. Species with high-Mg calcite skeletons (e.g. Beania erecta ) could be particularly sensitive to multiple stressors under predictions for near-future global ocean chemistry changes such as increasing temperature, ocean acidification and pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal variation of skeletal Mg-calcite in Antarctic marine calcifiers

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, to evaluate the non-lethal effects in the skeletal content, we quantified calcite and Mg content of the calcite (type 1: low-magnesium calcite; type 2: high-magnesium calcite) 54 and aragonite on colonies subjected to thermal stress experiment (25 °C) at the end of the experiment. We performed mineralogical analyses cutting 3 replicates (2 × 2 mm 2 ) from the growing edge following previously described methodologies 55 . The pieces with 10 grains of pure halite (NaCl) as an internal standard were powdered using a quartz pestle and mortar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent responses to warming of two common co-occurring Mediterranean bryozoans

Pagès‐Escolà

Hereu

Garrabou

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Climate change threatens the structure and function of marine ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding the response of species to changing environmental conditions. However, thermal tolerance determining the vulnerability to warming of many abundant marine species is still poorly understood. In this study, we quantified in the field the effects of a temperature anomaly recorded in the Mediterranean Sea during the summer of 2015 on populations of two common sympatric bryozoans, Myriapora truncata and Pentapora fascialis. Then, we experimentally assessed their thermal tolerances in aquaria as well as different sublethal responses to warming. Differences between species were found in survival patterns in natural populations, P. fascialis showing significantly lower survival rates than M. truncata. The thermotolerance experiments supported field observations: P. fascialis started to show signs of necrosis when the temperature was raised to 25–26 °C and completely died between 28–29 °C, coinciding with the temperature when we observed first signs of necrosis in M. truncata. The results from this study reflect different responses to warming between these two co-occurring species, highlighting the importance of combining multiple approaches to assess the vulnerability of benthic species in a changing climate world.

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“…As the negative effects of seawater pH and hydrostatic pressure on biomineralization intensify with depth (Feely et al, 2009), selection should favor deep-water bryozoans with lower skeletal Mg content. However, no significant correlations have been found among pH, Mg-calcite content, and depth for species of Antarctic (n = 4, Figuerola et al, 2015) and Artic (n = 52, Borszcz et al, 2013) bryozoans, perhaps because polar bryozoans already exhibit lower levels of Mg-calcite content at both shallow and deeper depths. Despite these results, latitudinal patterns in skeletal composition suggest that there may be a more significant effect from temperature than from depth on aspects of the biomineralization process in bryozoans Taylor et al, 2009Taylor et al, , 2015.…”

Section: Mineralization Patterns Of Antarctic Bryozoansmentioning

confidence: 94%

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

et al. 2018

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In some areas of the Antarctic shelf, bryozoans are abundant, acting as ecosystem engineers creating secondary structures with wide benthic coverage and harboring numerous other species. As the combined forces of global warming and ocean acidification threaten these habitats, we measured the composition of habitat-forming bryozoan communities using two techniques for imaging the sea floor, a YoYo-camera system and the AWI Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS). YoYo-camera transects of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas were conducted during a research cruise on the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer in 2013. OFOS transects included sites in the northern Palmer Archipelago where it borders the Scotia Sea and the Weddell Sea as part of the DynAMO project during the PS81 and PS96 cruises of R/V Polarstern in 2013 and 2015-16, respectively. Areas of bryozoan colonies were measured from the sea floor images using machine-learning algorithms available through the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin developed for FIJI software. Habitat-forming bryozoan communities in the Palmer Archipelago and Ross Sea were largely composed of anascan flustrid species with finely mineralized skeletons, and to a lesser extent by other ascophoran lepraliomorph and umbonulomorph species having more robustly mineralized skeletons. Although habitat-forming bryozoan communities in the shallower (200 m) sites of the Weddell Sea also contained flustrid species, percent area and composition of flustrid bryozoans declined with increasing depth. Lepraliomorph and umbonulomorph bryozoan morphotypes were more abundant in the Weddell Sea, maintaining their relative percent area and increasing their percent composition between 200 − 400 m. Moreover, our analyses of species composition based on externally gathered datasets show similar trends among sites, depths, and degrees of colony mineralization to our seabed imaging study. Variation present in the bryozoan species compositions of the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas suggest that these areas potentially represent divergent bryozoan communities requiring further validation via remote imaging surveys. Overall, compositional differences among Antarctic habitat-forming bryozoan communities are likely influenced by the combined effects of seasonal ice scour and carbonate chemistry, which in an increasingly acidified and warming ocean may put the communities of the eastern Weddell Sea at greater risk.

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Depth patterns in Antarctic bryozoan skeletal Mg-calcite: Can they provide an analogue for future environmental changes?

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Spatio-temporal variation of skeletal Mg-calcite in Antarctic marine calcifiers

Spatio-temporal variation of skeletal Mg-calcite in Antarctic marine calcifiers

Divergent responses to warming of two common co-occurring Mediterranean bryozoans

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

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