Depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites: A systematic review

Abstract

Objective To evaluate scientific evidence regarding depth of cure of bulk‐fill resin composites (BFRCs) and related factors. Material and Methods PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were accessed from October 2016 to May 2017. Investigations published in English language, assessing depth of cure of BFRCs by microhardness test and/or degree of conversion (DC) were included. Studies using exclusively ISO 4049, employing specimens deepness less than 4 mm, as well as those not reporting exposure time and/or irradiance from light curing units (LCUs) were excluded. Results In total, 742 studies were found from which 33 were included. From 21 studies evaluating BFRCs microhardness, 10 showed acceptable bottom/top ratios (≥0.8) for all tested materials. However, material‐dependent results and non‐satisfactory bottom/top microhardness ratios (<0.8) were reported in 9 and 2 investigations, respectively. From 19 studies that assessed DC, 11 showed acceptable results (≥50%) for all tested BFRCs, while 8 studies reported material‐dependent outcomes. Overall, irradiance from LCUs ranged from 650 to 1330 mW/cm2 and exposure time from 5 to 60 seconds. Favorable depth of cure results were observed with the use of LCUs emitting irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm2 and exposure times ≥20 seconds. Conclusions High depth of cure rates by BFRCs, depends on some factors as material, irradiance and exposure time. Polywave LCUs were useful but not essential on polymerizing alternative photoinitiator‐containing BFRC. Clinical Significance LED curing devices (polywave or monowave) displaying an irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm2 and 20 seconds of exposure time are imperative to accomplish successful polymerization of most BFRCs.

New Resin-Based Bulk-Fill Composites: in vitro Evaluation of Micro-Hardness and Depth of Cure as Infection Risk Indexes

“…The distal end of the light guide was placed perpendicular to the surface of the matrix strip, and positioned concentrically with the mold, before starting the light-curing of the samples, which only took place on their external (top) side [18]. Exclusively one light polymerization mode was Materials 2020, 13, 1308 3 of 13 used (standard mode), with an output irradiance of 1000 mW/cm 2 for 20 s, which are considered the minimum parameters to polymerize 4 mm increments of bulk-fill composites [19].…”

Profundidade de cura das resinas bulk fill variando a fonte de luz

“…As resinas bulk fill tem uma formulação parecida com as resinas convencionais a modificação está na presença de um iniciador chamado Ivocerin, composto de germânio, seu comprimento de onda é amplo variando de 370 a 460 nm (End, 2017;Jang et al, 2015;Kaplan, 2019;Lima et al, 2018;Savadamoorthi et al, 2017).…”

“…Imediatamente após a conclusão da irradiação, as amostras foram removidas do molde (Figura 1 F) e o material não polimerizado foi raspado com uma espátula de plástico (Figura 1 G e H). A altura do cilindro do material polimerizado foi mensurada com um micrômetro de precisão ± 0,1 mm e dividida por dois (Figura 1 I)(Lima et al, 2018).…”

Light curing matters: Facts often overseen by dentists

“…It should be emphasized that darker shades and less translucent resin composites will absorb more light and show a reduced depth of cure (= incremental thickness that is adequately cured) [2]. Besides the above-mentioned reasons, the success of resin composite restorations depends on further factors [3], while the less known and most neglected factor is the light curing process [4][5][6]. Resin composite restorations increasingly fail due to marginal failures [7,8], as evidenced especially in Cass II restorations, which might be found in periodical x-rays ( Fig.…”

“…[4,6,15]. When the light tip is not positioned properly,LIGHT CURING MATTERS: FACTS OFTEN OVERSEEN BY DENTISTS Review Article…”