Depth habitats and seasonal distributions of recent planktic foraminifers in the Canary Islands region (29°N) based on oxygen isotopes

Modeling seasonal and vertical habitats of planktonic foraminifera on a global scale

“…In the transitional and subtropical waters, however, PLAFOM2.0 slightly underestimates the depth habitat of G. ruber (white) and T. sacculifer (Figures 4d-e and 5d-e) as they inhabit the upper 125 m in the western North Atlantic and/or consistently occur from 0 to 200 m water depth in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic (Rebotim et al, 2017) or in the seas surrounding Japan (Kuroyanagi and Kawahata, 2004). Nevertheless, both species typically live close to the surface (above 100 m) (e.g., Bé and Hamlin, 1967;Fairbanks et al, 1982;Kemle-von Mücke and Oberhänsli, 20 1999;Schiebel et al, 2002;Wilke et al, 2009;Rippert et al, 2016), thus being associated with a shallow depth habitat, which is reproduced by the model. Since T. sacculifer and G. ruber (white) are algal symbiont-bearing species they are most abundant in the photic zone where light intensities are highest but also chlorophyll a concentrations and temperature control their habitat.…”

“…Hence, the observed and predicted earlier-when-warmer pattern can most likely be sought in the timing of the primary productivity rather than in a temperature dependence. Several studies showed that the seasonality of the temperate and cold-water planktonic foraminiferal species is closely tied to phytoplankton bloom events leading to an increased food supply (e.g., Donner and 20 Wefer, 1994;Wolfteich, 1994;Kohfeld et al, 1996;Mohiuddin et al, 2002Mohiuddin et al, , 2004Mohiuddin et al, , 2005Northcote and Neil, 2005;Asahi and Takahashi, 2007;Storz et al, 2009;Wilke et al, 2009;Jonkers and Kučera, 2015). In particular, the flux of G. bulloides reaches highest values in response to an increased food supply to a large extent associated with open ocean and/or coastal upwelling (e.g., Thiede, 1975;Curry et al, 1992;Wolfteich, 1994;Naidu and Malmgren, 1996;Kincaid et al, 2000;Mohiuddin et al, 2004Mohiuddin et al, , 2005Storz et al, 2009).…”

“…Planktonic foraminifera are found throughout the open ocean, where they inhabit roughly the top 500 m of the water column (Fairbanks et al, , 1982Kohfeld et al, 1996;Kemle-von Mücke and Oberhänsli, 1999;Mortyn and Charles, 2003;Field, 2004;Kuroyanagi and Kawahata, 2004;Bergami et al, 2009;Wilke et al, 2009;Pados and Spielhagen, 2014;Iwasaki et al, 2017;Rebotim et al, 2017). Their calcareous shells, preserved in ocean sediments, are widely used to reconstruct past climate 5 conditions.…”

“…Based on stratified plankton tow and sediment trap data the seasonal succession of planktonic foraminifera species has been assessed on a local/regional scale (e.g., Kohfeld et al, 1996;Wilke et al, 2009;Jonkers et al, 2013;Jonkers and Kučera, 2015), whereas for a broader regional/global perspective modeling approaches have been used to study the seasonal variations in the surface (mixed) layer of the ocean (Žarić et al, 2006;Fraile et al, 2008Fraile et al, , 2009aLombard et al, 2011;Kretschmer et al, 2016). Comparatively less is known about the depth habitat of planktonic foraminifera 15 species and how it varies seasonally.…”

Coiling direction in Middle Miocene globorotaliids (Foraminiferida) – a case study in the Paratethys (Upper Silesia Basin, Poland)

“…Ac cord ingly, the plank tonic foraminifera morphospecies have been grouped into broadly de fined cat e go ries based on ecologic crite ria, i.a. by Bé and Tolderlund (1971), Bé (1977), Bé and Hutson (1977), Bolto vskoy et al (1996), Simstich et al (2003), Schiebel and Hemleben (2005) and Wilke et al (2009). The ba sic hydro graphy in di ces of en vi ron ment are ex pressed in the stud ied ma te rial by the pro por tion of these cat e go ries (groups of taxa).…”