Depth from shading and disparity in humans and monkeys

Zhang, Ying; Weiner, Veronica S.; Slocum, Warren M.; Schiller, Peter H.

doi:10.1017/s0952523807070411

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previous comparative studies have investigated the sensitivity to various kinds of depth cues, such as binocular disparity, motion information, and pictorial depth cues131415161718. However, the way in which nonhuman animals search for objects in three-dimensional space has been unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A ground-like surface facilitates visual search in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Imura

Tomonaga

2013

Sci Rep

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Ground surfaces play an important role in terrestrial species' locomotion and ability to manipulate objects. In humans, ground surfaces have been found to offer significant advantages in distance perception and visual-search tasks (“ground dominance”). The present study used a comparative perspective to investigate the ground-dominance effect in chimpanzees, a species that spends time both on the ground and in trees. During the experiments chimpanzees and humans engaged in a search for a cube on a computer screen; the target cube was darker than other cubes. The search items were arranged on a ground-like or ceiling-like surface, which was defined by texture gradients and shading. The findings indicate that a ground-like, but not a ceiling-like, surface facilitated the search for a difference in luminance among both chimpanzees and humans. Our findings suggest the operation of a ground-dominance effect on visual search in both species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous comparative studies have produced evidence that nonhuman primates perceive depth based on binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues (chimpanzees131415; rhesus macaques161718) in a way that is similar to the process in humans (but please see1920). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A ground-like surface facilitates visual search in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Imura

Tomonaga

2013

Sci Rep

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“…The responsiveness of monkeys to the texture cue has also been demonstrated in infant monkeys (Gunderson et al 1993). Finally, Zhang et al (2007), using an oddity task, have provided evidence that monkeys can also perceive 3D shape from shading, although performance was poorer in monkeys than in humans. Thus the available evidence suggests macaque monkeys process 3D shape, particularly from motion or disparity, and combine cues (Schiller et al 2011) in ways similar to humans.…”

Section: Perception Of 3d Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

The Extraction of 3D Shape in the Visual System of Human and Nonhuman Primates

Orban

2011

Annu. Rev. Neurosci.

117

102

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Depth structure, the third dimension of object shape, is extracted from disparity, motion, texture, and shading in the optic array. Gradient-selective neurons play a key role in this process. Such neurons occur in CIP, AIP, TEs, and F5 (for first- or second-order disparity gradients), in MT/V5, in FST (for speed gradients), and in CIP and TEs (for texture gradients). Most of these regions are activated during magnetic resonance scanning in alert monkeys by comparing 3D conditions with the 2D controls for the different cues. Similarities in activation patterns of monkeys and humans tested with identical paradigms suggest that like gradient-selective neurons are found in corresponding human cortical areas. This view gains credence as the homologies between such areas become more evident. Furthermore, 3D shape-processing networks are similar in the two species, with the exception of the greater involvement of human posterior parietal cortex in the extraction of 3D shape from motion. Thus we can begin to understand how depth structure is extracted from motion, disparity, and texture in the primate brain, but the extraction of depth structure from shading and that of wire-like objects requires further scrutiny.

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“…This result indicates that the monkey did not respond to the local features of the moving object, but to the motion of the object in depth. Previous studies have revealed that the macaque monkey can discriminate static 3D surface structures defined by binocular disparity [8][9][10][11], but no study has tested macaque monkeys behaviorally in a motion discrimination task in depth. The present results indicate that the macaque monkey can discriminate the motion of a surface in depth as well as static 3D structures using binocular disparity.…”

Section: Motion Discrimination In Depth By Binocular Disparitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the macaque monkey can discriminate surface orientations defined by perspective [9] and texture gradient [10], and the 3D structure of surfaces (convex and concave) by shading [11]. An object placed at a farther position in a linear perspective background appears to be larger than an object placed at a nearer position by size constancy.…”

Section: Motion Discrimination In Depth By Adding Moving Cast Shadowmentioning

confidence: 99%