Depth-Dependent Seabed Properties: Geoacoustic Assessment

Lyu, Chuangxin; Park, Junghee; Santamarina, J. Carlos

doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002426

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…( 7) can be written in terms of the horizontal effective stress σ 0 m ¼ σ 0 h . The power law relation between V s and effective stress σ 0 is confirmed in all cases once the effective stress is computed by integrating density profiles with depth (see the algorithm in Lyu et al 2021).…”

Section: Results-prevalent Trendsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The model parameter η reflects the void ratio sensitivity to changes in effective stress. Previous studies compiled depth-dependent and stress-dependent void ratio data for fine-to coarse-grained sediments and confirmed that a single value η ≈ 1=3 adequately fits all trends [examples: hydrate pore habits in Terzariol et al (2020), microbial cell counts in deep sedimentary basins in Park and Santamarina (2020), and geoacoustic properties in Lyu et al (2021)].…”

Section: Asymptotic Void Ratio and Compressibility-cautionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Shallow Seafloor Sediments: Density and Shear Wave Velocity

Ramirez

Park

Terzariol

et al. 2023

J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.

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Near-surface seafloor properties affect offshore mining and infrastructure engineering. Shallow seafloor sediments experience extremely low effective stress, and consequently, these sediments exhibit very low in-situ density, shear wave velocity, and shear stiffness. We combined data extracted from the literature with new laboratory and field results to develop a comprehensive understanding of shallow seafloor sediments. First, we explored the sediment-dependent self-compaction characteristics starting with the asymptotic void ratio at the interface between the water column and the sediment column. The asymptotic void ratio depends on the particle size and shape in coarse-grained sediments and on mineralogy and pore fluid chemistry in fine-grained clayey sediments; overall, the asymptotic void ratio correlates with the sediment-specific surface and compressibility. Second, we developed a fork-type insertion probe to measure shear wave velocity profiles with depth. Detailed data analyses confirm the prevalent role of effective stress on shear wave velocity V s ¼ αðσ 0 m =kPaÞ β , and the inverse relationship between α and β parameters reveals that electrical interactions alter the velocity profile only in very high specific surface area sediments at very low effective stress and shows that ray bending affects the computed velocities only in the upper few centimeters (for the probe geometry used in this study). Probe insertion causes excess pore fluid pressure and effective stress changes; the ensuing time-dependent diffusion detected through shear wave velocity changes can be analyzed to estimate the coefficient of consolidation. Shear wave velocity profiles and velocity transients after insertion provide valuable information for sediment preclassification and engineering design.

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Section: Results-prevalent Trendsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Asymptotic Void Ratio and Compressibility-cautionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Shallow Seafloor Sediments: Density and Shear Wave Velocity

Ramirez

Park

Terzariol

et al. 2023

J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.

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“…Therefore, this study uses an asymptotically correct exponential compressibility model to fit the evolution of void ratio e as a function of vertical effective stress σ ′ z [ 28 ]:

where σ ′ c is the characteristic effective stress, and η is a model parameter. We test different values of model parameter η and select η = 1/3 that result in the best prediction (see related implications in [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]). There is a distinct difference in the constitutive model parameters across the three specimens tested in this study (fine-grained soil passing through Sieve No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Transitional Mixtures Retaining Memory of In-Situ Overburden Pressure Monitored Using Electromagnetic and Piezo Crystal Sensors

Kim

Lee

Park

2021

Sensors

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The major and minor components in granular soil materials determine their properties and behavior. This study explores the transitional behavior within threshold fines fraction of soil mixtures based on the data from the literature and experiments. From the literature survey, the void ratio, shear wave velocity, compression index, and friction angle capture the transitional turning point between the low and data-adjusted high threshold fines fractions. In particular, there is a dramatic change in hydraulic conductivity below the low threshold fines fraction that highlights the critical role of small amounts of fines in the fluid flow (e.g., clogging). From an experimental study, the engineering properties of natural soil samples identified using deformation and elastic wave sensors show transitional trends within the Revised Soil Classification System framework. The evolution of compressibility and shear wave velocity indicate that either coarse, fine, or both particles are likely to contribute to large and small strain stiffnesses when the effective stress is below 400 kPa. Thereafter, both engineering properties indicate that the soil sample retains a memory of in-situ overburden pressure when the effective stress is around 400 kPa. There is a critical role of fines that are slightly higher than low threshold fines fraction on engineering properties that promote the application of Revised Soil Classification System RSCS to natural soils.

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“…In the past, this has often been limited to spatial alignments and interpolations in which vertical strata and/or spatial variations are derived from the geophysical data, and are related to geotechnical data from in situ testing and core sample testing at specific locations. Data fusion between geotechnical and geophysical data will likely be moved into a more quantitative fusion using the most recent efforts of connecting geotechnical seabed properties and geoacoustical seabed properties through geoacoustic theory and empirical correlations [95,96]. So far, this effort has been hampered by data availability and quality, as well as by differences in resolution and computing capabilities.…”

Section: Geotechnical and Geophysical Soil Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical Measurements for the Investigation and Assessment of Arctic Coastal Erosion—A Review and Outlook

Stark

Green

Brilli

et al. 2022

JMSE

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Geotechnical data are increasingly utilized to aid investigations of coastal erosion and the development of coastal morphological models; however, measurement techniques are still challenged by environmental conditions and accessibility in coastal areas, and particularly, by nearshore conditions. These challenges are exacerbated for Arctic coastal environments. This article reviews existing and emerging data collection methods in the context of geotechnical investigations of Arctic coastal erosion and nearshore change. Specifically, the use of cone penetration testing (CPT), which can provide key data for the mapping of soil and ice layers as well as for the assessment of slope and block failures, and the use of free-fall penetrometers (FFPs) for rapid mapping of seabed surface conditions, are discussed. Because of limitations in the spatial coverage and number of available in situ point measurements by penetrometers, data fusion with geophysical and remotely sensed data is considered. Offshore and nearshore, the combination of acoustic surveying with geotechnical testing can optimize large-scale seabed characterization, while onshore most recent developments in satellite-based and unmanned-aerial-vehicle-based data collection offer new opportunities to enhance spatial coverage and collect information on bathymetry and topography, amongst others. Emphasis is given to easily deployable and rugged techniques and strategies that can offer near-term opportunities to fill current gaps in data availability. This review suggests that data fusion of geotechnical in situ testing, using CPT to provide soil information at deeper depths and even in the presence of ice and using FFPs to offer rapid and large-coverage geotechnical testing of surface sediments (i.e., in the upper tens of centimeters to meters of sediment depth), combined with acoustic seabed surveying and emerging remote sensing tools, has the potential to provide essential data to improve the prediction of Arctic coastal erosion, particularly where climate-driven changes in soil conditions may bias the use of historic observations of erosion for future prediction.

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Depth-Dependent Seabed Properties: Geoacoustic Assessment

Cited by 27 publications

References 90 publications

Shallow Seafloor Sediments: Density and Shear Wave Velocity

Shallow Seafloor Sediments: Density and Shear Wave Velocity

Response of Transitional Mixtures Retaining Memory of In-Situ Overburden Pressure Monitored Using Electromagnetic and Piezo Crystal Sensors

Geotechnical Measurements for the Investigation and Assessment of Arctic Coastal Erosion—A Review and Outlook

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