Depth-dependent defect manipulation in perovskites for high-performance solar cells

Zhang, Yuzhuo; Wang, Yanju; Zhao, Lichen; Yang, Xiaoyu; Hou, Cheng‐Hung; Wu, Jiang; Su, Rui; Jia, Shuang; Shyue, Jing‐Jong; Luo, Deying; Chen, Peng; Yu, Maotao; Li, Qiuyang; Li, Lei; Gong, Qihuang; Zhu, Rui

doi:10.1039/d1ee02287c

Cited by 120 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…3a. 54 As expected, the dark gaps associated with grain boundaries are effectively eliminated aer incorporating DAP at the TiO 2 /perovskite buried interface and brighter uorescence is displayed for the modied sample than that for the control one, which is attributed to the characteristics of monolayer and vertical single-crystal distributions (bottom of Fig. 3a), and reduced defect state density and larger grains of the modied sample.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

A “double-sided tape” modifier bridging the TiO₂/perovskite buried interface for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

Zhu

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

A “double-sided tape” modifier bridging the TiO₂/perovskite buried interface for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

Zhu

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Organic molecules with tailorable structures are widely adopted to passivate/heal the defects/traps on the top surface of perovskite. [21,45,[120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127] Moreover, they can play an important role in modifying the buried interface. Various molecules have been developed either as electron donors or electron acceptors for passivating positively/negatively charged traps.…”

Section: Small Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buried Interface Modification in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Materials Perspective

Zuo-ning

Wang

Choy

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

104

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Q limit but the opencircuit voltage (V oc ) and fill factor (FF) are still far below the theoretical values. As we know, both V oc and FF relate to charge carrier dynamics including extraction and transport. Therefore, carrier managements including reducing non-radiative carrier recombination (bulk and interface), series or shunt resistance, and improving carrier extraction and transport are critical to further enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. In addition to high efficiency, the stability issues in perovskite must be solved before commercialization.From the standpoint of architecture of PSCs, the PSCs are essentially a heterojunction device with a multilayer construction, which consists of perovskite light absorption layer, carrier transport layer (CTL), and electrodes. [25,30] As a result, the rational design and modification of heterojunction interfaces have become key strategies to harness the full potential of PSCs. [31][32][33][34][35] A lack of in-depth understanding of the heterojunction interfaces and appropriate interface designs, specifically the buried interfaces under polycrystalline perovskite films, is impeding further advancements in perovskite photovoltaic performance and stability. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] To date, many researches mainly focus on the top surfaces of perovskite. [43][44][45][46][47] However, due to the accumulation of deep-level trap states, it is known that unfavorable non-radiative recombination losses that impede device power outputs exist at the interfaces with bottom contact layers. [41,48] Consequently, it is urgently needed to compromise between these detrimental effects and beneficial effects.However, investigating these issues is more difficult compared with that on the top surfaces of perovskite. There are two kinds of techniques to study the buried interface, which are the in-situ and ex-situ methods. For in-situ method, the sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy which is a nonlinear interface sensitive spectroscopy is applied to study/ analyze the molecular structure information at the buried interface. [49,50] In addition, the photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) excited from the glass side can characterize carrier dynamics behavior of buried interface. [51] For ex-situ strategy, the buried interface will expose with a peeling-off method. Then the common characterization methods can be used to analyze exposed the buried surface of perovskite layer, such as PL, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). [52,53] It is still challenging to find ways to access the buried interfaces to achieve device efficiency limits. [54] Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising thirdgeneration solar cells. They exhibit high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and, in theory, can be manufactured with less energy than several more established photovoltaic technologies, particularly solution-processed PSCs. Various materials have been widely utiliz...

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“…During the past decade, numerous passivating methods have been developed to enhance both efficiency and long-term stability of hybrid PSCs. [16][17][18] In these polycrystalline perovskite films, defects formed at either surface or grain boundaries have been widely reported to significantly restrict carriers transport and crystal stability, which further deteriorates the device performance. [19,20] Indeed, a large number of defects are generated during the film crystallization process due to the low formation energy and soft lattice character of the perovskite crystals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigo: A Natural Molecular Passivator for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Guo

Sun

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Benefiting from these unique properties, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has rapidly increased from initial ≈3% to now 25.5%, [7][8][9] situating it at the forefront of the third-generation solar cells. [10,11] Unfortunately, these ionic hybrid perovskite materials are extremely sensitive to light, [12,13] heat, [14] and moisture, [15] resulting in unstable crystal structures. During the past decade, numerous passivating methods have been developed to enhance both efficiency and long-term stability of hybrid PSCs. [16][17][18] In these polycrystalline perovskite films, defects formed at either surface or grain boundaries have been widely reported to significantly restrict carriers transport and crystal stability, which further deteriorates the device performance. [19,20] Indeed, a large number of defects are generated during the film crystallization process due to the low formation energy and soft lattice character of the perovskite crystals. [21,22] Besides, the ionic nature of hybrid halide perovskite leads to unfavorable carrier recombination and ion migration in the perovskite films, resulting in unsatisfactory efficiency or stability of the devices. [23,24] In particular, the crystallization process is accompanied by the ubiquitous formation of imperfections at grain boundaries and surfaces, metallic lead clusters, and intrinsic point defects. [24][25][26] Among them, intrinsic site Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells have made unprecedented progress in improving photovoltaic efficiency during the past decade, while still facing critical stability challenges. Herein, the natural organic dye Indigo is explored for the first time to be an efficient molecular passivator that assists in the preparation of high-quality hybrid perovskite film with reduced defects and enhanced stability. The Indigo molecule with both carbonyl and amino groups can provide bifunctional chemical passivation for defects. In-depth theoretical and experimental studies show that the Indigo molecules firmly binds to the perovskite surfaces, enhancing the crystallization of perovskite films with improved morphology. Consequently, the Indigo-passivated perovskite film exhibits increased grain size with better uniformity, reduced grain boundaries, lowered defect density, and retarded ion migration, boosting the device efficiency up to 23.22%, and ≈21% for large-area device (1 cm 2 ). Furthermore, the Indigo passivation can enhance device stability in terms of both humidity and thermal stress. These results provide not only new insights into the multipassivation role of natural organic dyes but also a simple and low-cost strategy to prepare high-quality hybrid perovskite films for optoelectronic applications based on Indigo derivatives.

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Depth-dependent defect manipulation in perovskites for high-performance solar cells

Abstract: Defects at the bulk grain boundaries and heterojunction interfaces could dictate the power losses of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) during the operation process, which are regarded as major roadblocks towards...

Cited by 120 publications

References 43 publications

A “double-sided tape” modifier bridging the TiO₂/perovskite buried interface for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

A “double-sided tape” modifier bridging the TiO₂/perovskite buried interface for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

Buried Interface Modification in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Materials Perspective

Indigo: A Natural Molecular Passivator for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Depth-dependent defect manipulation in perovskites for high-performance solar cells

Abstract: Defects at the bulk grain boundaries and heterojunction interfaces could dictate the power losses of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) during the operation process, which are regarded as major roadblocks towards...

Cited by 120 publications

References 43 publications

A “double-sided tape” modifier bridging the TiO2/perovskite buried interface for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

A “double-sided tape” modifier bridging the TiO2/perovskite buried interface for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

Buried Interface Modification in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Materials Perspective

Indigo: A Natural Molecular Passivator for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Product

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A “double-sided tape” modifier bridging the TiO₂/perovskite buried interface for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells

A “double-sided tape” modifier bridging the TiO₂/perovskite buried interface for efficient and stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells