Depressurization-induced gas production from hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu sea area using horizontal well: Numerical simulation on horizontal well section deployment for gas production enhancement

Abstract

In 2020, China successfully conducted the second round of natural gas hydrate pilot production with horizontal wells at W11-W17 deposits in the Shenhu sea area of South China Sea, but the average daily gas production is far from reaching the commercial exploitation. Low productivity has become one of the key factors hindering the commercial exploitation of gas hydrate reservoir. This work taking SHSC-4 well as an example, uses numerical simulation method to analyze the impact of the placement of horizontal well section, length and the production system on productivity of horizontal well in depressurization exploitation. From the analysis of simulation results, it can be seen that the best performance of production capacity can be achieved when horizontal section placed in layer II, which is compared with that placed in layer I and III. More importantly, hydrate in layer I and free gas in layer III can be effectively utilized to improve productivity when layer II is exploited. When the horizontal section is arranged in layer II and produced by depressurization with small pressure difference (1 MPa), the longer the horizontal section length is, the better the productivity will be. However, the average cumulative gas production increment per meter is gradually decreasing. According to the simulation results, 300 m is a reasonable horizontal section length for the exploitation of layer II, and the cumulative gas production reaches 2.55 million cubic meters after 60 days of continuous exploitation. In addition, due to the limitations of convective heat transfer in the low-permeability reservoir in the Shenhu sea area, sensible heat can significantly improve the secondary hydrate generated in the wellbore and the reservoir around the wellbore due to throttling expansion effect, which has a good effect on productivity improvement. Compared with the situation without heating, when the horizontal section is arranged in layer II and the length is 300 m, the production mode of depressurization and combined heating is adopted, and the cumulative gas production of 60 days with different pressure difference (1–5 MPa) is 0.14, 5.55, 14.75, 23.72, and 29.5 times higher than that without heating.

Enhancement of Gas Production from Class 1-Type Hydrate Reservoirs with High-Pressure Rotating Water Jets in Horizontal Well Depressurization Production

“…However, previous work mainly focused on Class 3-type hydrate reservoirs, which are characterized by nonpermeable layers in both the upper and lower parts of the reservoir and a hydrate layer in the middle; the Class 1-type hydrate reservoir mainly consists of an upper hydrate layer and a lower free gas layer (FGL) (where gas and water can flow freely), and the performance of near-well stimulation technology in Class 1-type hydrate reservoirs is still unclear. − Thus, this work is a continuous investigation of hydrate extraction by horizontal well depressurization combined with HPRWJ technology in Class 1-type hydrate reservoirs. According to the research results of Wan et al, in the Class 1-type hydrate reservoir of the Shenhu Sea area, the horizontal wells deployed at the middle of the three-phase layer (TPL) can achieve the optimal gas-to-water ratio . Therefore, this work selected the TPL layer as the target layer for horizontal well deployment.…”

“…According to the research results of Wan et al, in the Class 1-type hydrate reservoir of the Shenhu Sea area, the horizontal wells deployed at the middle of the three-phase layer (TPL) can achieve the optimal gas-to-water ratio. 16 Therefore, this work selected the TPL layer as the target layer for horizontal well deployment. Based on the data from the first offshore NGH trial production in SCS, the numerical method was used to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the effects of different stimulation parameters of HPRWJ on production performance, such as spacing, quantity, radius, permeability, porosity, and density.…”