Depressive Symptoms in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The LINDA-Brazil Study

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the frequency and severity of depressive symptoms and their relationship with sociodemographic characteristics in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who participated in the LINDA-Brazil study. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 820 women with GDM who were receiving prenatal care in the public health system. We conducted structured interviews to obtain clinical and sociodemographic information and applied the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess depressive symptoms. We classified the presence and severity of depressive symptoms using scores of ≥12 and ≥18, respectively. We used Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). Most of the women lived with a partner (88%), 50% were between 30 and 39 years old, 39% had finished high school, 39% had a family income of 1-2 minimum wages, and 47% were obese before their pregnancies. The presence of depressive symptoms was observed in 31% of the women, and severe depressive symptoms were observed in 10%; 8.3% reported self-harm intent. Lower parity and higher educational levels were associated with lower EPDS score. Depressive symptoms were common and frequently severe among women with GDM, indicating the need to consider this situation when treating such women, especially those who are more socially vulnerable. This trial is registered with NCT02327286, registered on 23 December 2014.

Physical activity level in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: Lifestyle INtervention for Diabetes prevention After pregnancy (LINDA‐Brasil) study

“…In addition, information was obtained during the interview regarding smoking and sociodemographic characteristics. Charts were reviewed to collect data on prepregnancy weight, gestational weight, gestational age at recruitment, plasma glucose levels at diagnosis of GDM, treatment for GDM, and reproductive history …”

“…Charts were reviewed to collect data on prepregnancy weight, gestational weight, gestational age at recruitment, plasma glucose levels at diagnosis of GDM, treatment for GDM, and reproductive history. 21,23 For descriptive analyses, age was classified into three categories (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), and ≥40 years). Self-declared skin color was categorized as white, black, brown, or other, according to the Brazilian census bureau.…”

A potential role for insulin treatment during pregnancy in reducing postpartum psychological distress in maternal obesity: an administrative population health study

“…It is also important to note that GDM itself is suggested to be a risk factor for peripartum depressive symptoms [ 24 , 27 , 40 – 42 ]. A recent systematic review of relevant epidemiological studies identified 18 studies with a sample size of 2,370,958 for review [ 27 ].…”

“…In a recent comprehensive review, decreased PL levels have been suggested to be a marker for maternal obesity, while increased levels is associated with maternal diabetes [ 23 ]. In addition, several studies have also linked obesity in pregnancy and GDM to the development of peripartum depression, both antenatal and postpartum [ 24 – 27 ].…”

A Potential Role for Insulin Treatment During Pregnancy in Reducing Postpartum Psychological Distress in Maternal Obesity: An Administrative Population Health Study

“…In a recent comprehensive review, decreased placental lactogen levels have been suggested to be a marker for maternal obesity, while increased levels is associated with maternal diabetes [27]. In addition, several studies have also linked obesity in pregnancy and GDM to the development of peripartum depression, both antenatal and postpartum [28][29][30][31].…”