Depressive Symptoms in Children of Women With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

ethnic groups are more affected by type 2 diabetes than others. Persons of African and Hispanic descents are at higher risk than whites for developing type 2 diabetes. 2 Children from families with diabetes are also at increased risk for type 2 diabetes; frequency of a history of type 2 diabetes in a first-or second-degree relative ranged from 74% to 100% in 1 study. 4 Brown et al. 5 have shown that depression appears to increase the risk of developing diabetes by approximately 23% in young adults. Depressive symptoms are also high in persons with chronic illnesses including diabetes. 6,7 Children of mothers with diabetes are at increased risk for the disease. 8 Past studies have indicated that children of mothers with chronic illness are at risk of psychological maladjustment. 9,10 In a study by Stein and Newcomb, 11 it was shown that depressed mood in ill mothers correlated with children's behavioral problems. Parental depression, particularly maternal depression, disrupts attachment and places children at increased risk for psychosocial difficulties and a range of adjustment problems. 12,13 We hypothesized that children whose mothers are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes may show depressive symptoms since the illness increases the likelihood that the mother will experience psychological distress, economic difficulties, and troubles in family relationships, which are risk factors for psychopathology in children. 14 In a study of 76 Hispanic patients with diabetes, Chesla et al. 15 reported that 23% of the patients had troubling changes in family relationships after diagnosis. The current study was therefore designed to examine whether children and adolescents of mothers with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for psychopathology. It is important to identify these children since psychopathology appears to increase risk of diabetes 5 in children who are already at risk on the basis of hereditary factors. 4,8 METHOD Study Design and SettingThis was a cross-sectional study conducted within the Kingston metropolitan area of Jamaica from

Association of depression with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes among adults aged between 25 to 60 years in Karachi, Pakistan

“…Our findings strongly support the association of nuclear family with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. It is consistent with previous literature [ 31 ] but Irving et al [ 32 ] showed insignificant association with family structure which is needed to be explored with longitudinal study design. Along with lifestyle modification, genetic factors have also been documented as an associated factor for type 2 diabetes.…”

Association between parental hospital-treated somatic illnesses in childhood and later mental disorders among offspring up to early adulthood: An explorative study in the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort

“…We also found significant associations between various parental illnesses and later mental health problems in offspring that appear not to have been recognised in previous research. For example, we found an association between parental diabetes and later mental health problems in offspring while, according to our knowledge, only two other studies have examined the impact of parental diabetes during an offspring’s childhood and its association with psychosis [27] and depression [28] in the offspring. However, many of these illnesses are common in clinical practice and, therefore, are important to take into account when evaluating factors that might increase children’s risk for adverse psychosocial consequences [25].…”