Depressive symptoms and chronic kidney disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006

Abstract

Background and objective Depression is common in individuals with end-stage renal disease. However, its relationship with earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less well known. In this study, we examined the association between depressive symptoms and CKD. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among adult participants with CKD in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. CKD was defined according to estimated glomerular filtration rate by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of microalbuminuria (≥30 mg/g creatinine), using the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative classification. A PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 was considered to be indicative of depressive symptoms. Results Among 3653 subjects in our study sample, 683 (15.2%) met laboratory criteria for CKD. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2–10.8%) in subjects with CKD and 6% (95% CI 4.6–7.4%) in subjects without CKD (P = 0.6). In regression analysis, the presence of CKD was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio = 0.96 [95% CI 0.51, 1.78], P = 0.9). Conclusions We found no difference in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among individuals with or without CKD.

Kidney dysfunction, systemic inflammation and mental well-being in elderly post-myocardial infarction patients

“…Nevertheless, our findings are in line with others reporting that patients with an eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m 2 had more depressive symptoms than patients with an eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m 2 [14–16]. We extended these findings by showing that an increase in depressive symptoms was already present in patients with an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 compared to those with a better eGFR.…”

“…In three large cross-sectional studies, including 3700 to ≥ 28,000 patients [14–16], those with severe CKD (i.e. with an estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <30 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) had more depressive symptoms than those without CKD (eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ).…”

Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease and Geriatric Outcomes: Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from the Berlin Aging Study II

“…Whether or not less severe forms of impaired kidney function (eGFR ≥ 30 or even ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) are associated with more depressive symptoms compared to preserved kidney function (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) is still unclear. In line with our results, Ricardo et al [41,44] could not establish an association of early-stage CKD with depression. In contrast, Heeres et al [45] recently showed that an increase in depressive symptoms was already present in patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , compared to those with a better eGFR [45] .…”

Depression and Quality of Life in Relation to Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate Among Adults with Hypertension in Rural Northeast China

“…Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that family income might play a role in the correlation between depression and decreased GFR. The effect of family income have been investigated in many previous studies conducted in CKD patients [37,38], but limited information for the primary prevention of CKD is available. However, in the present study, we failed to find a positive role of family income in the association between depression and decreased GFR after further analysis by stratification of the variable.…”