Depressive Symptomatology, Racial Discrimination Experience, and Brain Tissue Volumes Observed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Meyer, Craig S.; Schreiner, Pamela J.; Lim, Kelvin O.; Battapady, Harsha; Launer, Lenore J.

doi:10.1093/aje/kwy282

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…96 Notably, each of these indices predicts premature morbidity and mortality 91,97,98 and mirrors putative biomarkers of depression. 94,99–101…”

Section: Biological Embedding Of Racial Stress and Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relevant to the construct of sustained threat, Clark and colleagues (1999) biopsychosocial model illustrates that chronic stress from racial discrimination and threat over time contributes to heightened allostatic load (ie, the accumulation of wear and tear on the body and brain via chronic stress processes). 63,87 Research supporting the biopsychosocial model is overwhelming; 88 cumulative levels of exposure to racial discrimination and systemic racism are linked to elevated inflammatory markers, 44,[89][90][91] accelerated biological aging and allostatic load, 92,93 reduced total brain matter volume, 94 decrements in white matter microarchitecture, 95 and heightened amygdala reactivity and functional connectivity. 96 Notably, each of these indices predicts premature morbidity and mortality 91,97,98 and mirrors putative biomarkers of depression.…”

Section: Biological Embedding Of Racial Stress and Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial Stress and Trauma and the Development of Adolescent Depression: A Review of the Role of Vigilance Evoked by Racism-Related Threat

et al. 2022

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There are known disparities in the burden of illness and access/quality of care for African, Latino/a, Asian, and Native American (ALANA) patients diagnosed with depressive disorders, which may occur because of health inequities. Racial stress and trauma (RST), or the significant fear and distress that can be imparted from exposure to racism, is one such inequity linked to the development of depression. The current review summarizes past research examining the association between racism, RST, and depression, as well as avenues in which RST becomes biologically embedded in ALANA individuals. We describe multimodal research that supports vigilance as a potential mediator of the association between RST and depression and consider the nuanced role that vigilance plays during experiences with racism. Finally, we describe methodological advances in the assessment of vigilance evoked by RST and the clinical implications that may be generated by future improvements. In each of these areas, we present examples of how ongoing and future research can be leveraged to provide support for psychosocial programs that facilitate autonomous community healing and resilience, increase calls for public policy changes, and support clinical interventions that lessen the burden of racism on ALANA communities.

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“…96 Notably, each of these indices predicts premature morbidity and mortality 91,97,98 and mirrors putative biomarkers of depression. 94,99–101…”

Section: Biological Embedding Of Racial Stress and Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Embedding Of Racial Stress and Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Stress and Trauma and the Development of Adolescent Depression: A Review of the Role of Vigilance Evoked by Racism-Related Threat

et al. 2022

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“…The initial questionnaire was used at the CARDIA study to measure racial discrimination in various domains, for example employment, medical care etc. (Chae et al, 2020;Meyer et al, 2019) and was further developed by Krieger et al (2005) with confirmed and adequate psychometric properties.…”

Section: Professional Discrimination Experienced By Nursesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing practice environment and employee silence about patient safety: The mediating role of professional discrimination experienced by nurses

Kritsotakis

Gkorezis

Andreadaki

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aims: To examine the associations between nurse work environment with nurses' silence about patient safety and the mediating effects of professional discrimination experienced by nurses. Design: Multicentre cross-sectional study. Methods: Between January and April 2019, 607 nurses and nursing assistants from seven hospitals in Greece assessed their clinical environment using the 'Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index Revised-PES-NWIR', and the silence about patient safety. The 'Experiences of Discrimination Index' was adapted to specifically address experienced discrimination based on the nursing profession. The PROCESS macros for SPSS were used to examine the above associations. Findings: Better nurse practice environment, with the exception of 'staffing and resource adequacy' dimension, was directly associated with less experienced professional discrimination, and directly and indirectly associated with less silence about patient safety, through the mediating role of professional discrimination experienced by nurses. Conclusions: Silence about patient safety is dependent on the clinical work environment and may be a response of nurses to discrimination in the work context. Both an improvement in the nurse work environment and a decrease in professional discrimination would minimize silence about patient safety.Impact: On many occasions, nurses are directly or indirectly discouraged from voicing their concerns about patient safety or are ignored when they do, leading to employee silence and decreasing the standard of care (Alingh et al.,

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“…In the ABCD sample, racial discrimination may be an important factor contributing to risk of anhedonia as well as differences in brain-based measures. For example, several recent studies have found that racial discrimination is associated with lower total brain volume (29) and alterations in pre-frontal white matter tracts in adults (30,31). While out of the scope of this study, it will be very important to investigate how social determinants of health and other related factors contribute to differences in health and brain-based outcomes between different racial and ethnic groups during child and adolescent development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Resting State Functional Brain Connectivity and Childhood Anhedonia: A Reproduction and Replication Study

Zhou

Pornpattananangkul

Neale

2022

Preprint

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Background Previously, a study using a sample of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)® study from the earlier 1.0 release found differences in several resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) brain connectivity measures associated with children reporting anhedonia. Here, we aim to reproduce, replicate, and extend the previous findings using data from the later ABCD study 4.0 release, which includes a significantly larger sample. Methods To reproduce and replicate the previous authors’ findings, we analyzed data from the ABCD 1.0 release (n = 2437), in an independent subsample from the newer ABCD 4.0 release (n = 6456), and in the full ABCD 4.0 release sample (n = 8866). Additionally, we assessed whether using a multiple linear regression approach could improve replicability by controlling for the effects of comorbid psychiatric conditions and socio-demographic covariates. Results We could only replicate the significant association between anhedonia and the Within Cingulo-Opercular network connectivity measure in an independent subsample of the ABCD 4.0 data release. When using the larger full ABCD 4.0 sample, six out of the eleven previously reported associations remained significant. Accounting for socio-demographic covariates and comorbid conditions using multiple linear regression did not improve replicability but allowed for the identification of specific and independent effects of anhedonia on 16 rsfMRI connectivity measures in the full ABCD 4.0 release sample. Conclusion Replication of previous findings were limited. A multiple linear regression approach helped resolve the specificity of rsfMRI connectivity associations with anhedonia.

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Depressive Symptomatology, Racial Discrimination Experience, and Brain Tissue Volumes Observed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Racial Stress and Trauma and the Development of Adolescent Depression: A Review of the Role of Vigilance Evoked by Racism-Related Threat

Racial Stress and Trauma and the Development of Adolescent Depression: A Review of the Role of Vigilance Evoked by Racism-Related Threat

Nursing practice environment and employee silence about patient safety: The mediating role of professional discrimination experienced by nurses

Associations Between Resting State Functional Brain Connectivity and Childhood Anhedonia: A Reproduction and Replication Study

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