Depressive State in the Emergency Department During COVID-19: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in China

Liu, Shuang; Han, Wei; Shen, Chenyu; Zhu, Cheng; Wang, Qiaofang; Xia, Liang; He, Xiangxi; Xie, Qin; Wei, Jie; Wu, Miao; Zhao, Xiaodong; Liu, Huan; Liu, Danping; Guo, Xiaowang; Nie, Shaoping; Cao, Liping; Lu, Li; Fang, Yaqin; Lu, Zhongqiu; Wu, Yixu; Zhao, Min; Han, Jian; Zhang, Xinchao; Chang, Jie; Xu, Shuogui; Ma, Wenjie; Si, Junli; Qi, Suxia; Peng, Peng; Chai, Yage; Cao, Yu; Jiang, Yao‐Wen; Yin, Wen; Wang, Yanjun; Zhan, Hong; Huang, Yingxiong; Deng, Ying; Song, Juanjuan; Yang, Le-Min; Wu, Jiali; Ding, Banghan; Zheng, Danwen; Qian, Chuanyun; Huang, Rui; Lin, Jiyan; Xu, Zhouyi; Zhang, Guoxiu; Hu, Yingying; Dou, Qingli; Zhang, Xiaoming; Tian, Yunyun; Yao, Dongqi; Walline, Joseph Harold; Zhu, Huadong; Xu, Jun; Li, Yang; Yu, Xuezhong

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.566990

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It could construe that healthcare workers were faced with more challenges in diverse aspects of work and life: the responsibilities of treating infected patients to prevent the spread of the virus; developing proper short-term programs and longterm plans; the discomfort caused by medical protective equipment; the fear of being infected or family member infected; balancing work and family and so on (66,67). Numerous studies have now found that healthcare workers suffer from varying extent of psychological distress during public health emergencies like COVID-19 pandemic and Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (68)(69)(70). Thus, appropriate and practical psychological interventions should be provided to healthcare workers engaged in the management of COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic-related depression and anxiety under lockdown: The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and perceived stress

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveIn early March 2022, the highly contagious Omicron variant rapidly emerged in Shanghai. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety in isolated or quarantined populations under lockdown.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between May 12 and 25, 2022. The depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, self-efficacy and perceived social support in the 167 participants under isolated or quarantined were examined using the Patient Health Questionnaires-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Data on demographic information were also collected.FindingsThe prevalence of depression and anxiety in isolated or quarantined populations was estimated to be 12 and 10.8%, respectively. Higher education level, being healthcare workers, being infected, longer duration of segregation and higher perceived stress level were identified as risk factors for depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the relationship between perceived social support and depression (anxiety) was mediated not only by perceived stress but also the chain of self-efficacy and perceived stress.ConclusionBeing infected, higher education level, longer duration of segregation and higher perceived stress were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety among isolated or quarantined populations under lockdown. The formulation of psychological strategies that promote one’s perceived social support and self-efficacy as well as reduce perceived stress is supposed to be drawn.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic-related depression and anxiety under lockdown: The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and perceived stress

et al. 2023

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“…For the cognitive appraisals, EDRNs faced an overwhelming workload, especially given the long-lasting nature of COVID-19 (Jose et al, 2020;Liu, Luo, et al, 2020). EDRNs not only suffered from challenges of triaging, uncomfortable PPE, and infection risk but also had to carry out all the procedures precisely in a fast-paced setting (Liu et al, 2021;Mulyadi et al, 2022). EDRNs' psychological distress was unique and different from other frontline HCWs, especially the triage nurses (Al-Ashwal et al, 2020;Lasalvia et al, 2021;Liu, Zhai, et al, 2020;Nie et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive appraisals and coping strategies of registered nurses in the emergency department combating COVID‐19: A scoping review

Lin

Siao

Lin

et al. 2022

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Objective Explore the relevant evidence about stress‐related cognitive appraisal and coping strategies among registered nurses in the emergency department (EDRNs) coping with the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods This scoping review followed the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley to map relevant evidence and synthesize the findings. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases for related studies from inception through February 2, 2022. This review further conducted study selection based on the PRISMA flow diagram and applied Lazarus and Folkman's Psychological Stress and Coping Theory to systematically organize, summarize, and report the findings. Findings Sixteen studies were included for synthesis. Most of the studies showed that the majority of EDRNs were overwhelmed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Depression, triaging distress, physical exhaustion, and intention to leave ED nursing were cited as major threats to their wellness. Additionally, comprehensive training, a modified triage system, a safe workplace, psychological support, promotion of resilience, and accepting responsibility may help EDRNs cope with pandemic‐related challenges effectively. Conclusion The long‐lasting pandemic has affected the physical and mental health of EDRNs because they have increased their effort to respond to the outbreak with dynamically adjusted strategies. Future research should address a modified triage system, prolonged psychological issues, emergency healthcare quality, and solutions facing EDRNs during the COVID‐19 or related future pandemics. Clinical Relevance EDRNs have experienced physical and psychological challenges during the pandemic. The ED administrators need to take action to ensure EDRNs' safety in the workplace, an up‐to‐date triage system, and mental health of frontline nurses to provide high‐quality emergency care for combating COVID‐19.

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The workload change and depression among emergency medical staff after the open policy during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey in Shandong, China

Feng,

Bian,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionIn the middle of December 2022, the Chinese government adjusted the lockdown policy on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a large number of infected patients flooded into the emergency department. The emergency medical staff encountered significant working and mental stress while fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate the workload change, and the prevalence and associated factors for depression symptoms among emergency medical staff after the policy adjustment.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey of emergency medical staff who fought against COVID-19 in Shandong Province during January 16 to 31, 2023. The respondents’ sociodemographic and work information were collected, and they were asked to complete the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) then. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the potential associated factors for major depression.ResultsNine hundred and sixteen emergency medical personnel from 108 hospitals responded to this survey. The respondents’ weekly working hours (53.65 ± 17.36 vs 49.68 ± 14.84) and monthly night shifts (7.25 ± 3.85 vs 6.80 ± 3.77) increased after the open policy. About 54.3% of the respondents scored more than 10 points on the PHQ-9 standardized test, which is associated with depressive symptoms. In univariate analysis, being doctors, living with family members aged ≤16 or ≥ 65 years old, COVID-19 infection and increased weekly working hours after the open policy were significantly associated with a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 points. In the multivariate analysis, only increased weekly working hours showed significant association with scoring ≥10 points.ConclusionEmergency medical staff’ workload had increased after the open policy announcement, which was strongly associated with a higher PHQ-9 scores, indicating a very high risk for major depression. Emergency medical staff working as doctors or with an intermediate title from grade-A tertiary hospitals had higher PHQ-9 scores, while COVID-19 infection and weekly working hours of 60 or more after the open policy were associated with higher PHQ-9 scores for those from grade-B tertiary hospitals. Hospital administrators should reinforce the importance of targeted emergency medical staff support during future outbreaks.

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Depressive State in the Emergency Department During COVID-19: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in China

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

COVID-19 pandemic-related depression and anxiety under lockdown: The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and perceived stress

COVID-19 pandemic-related depression and anxiety under lockdown: The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and perceived stress

Cognitive appraisals and coping strategies of registered nurses in the emergency department combating COVID‐19: A scoping review

The workload change and depression among emergency medical staff after the open policy during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey in Shandong, China

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