Depressionen und Lebererkrankungen: Die Rolle von Mikrobiom und Inflammation

Abstract

Depression and liver disease are closely associated. Every third patient with liver cirrhosis or hepatitis shows depressive symptoms. On the other hand, every third patient with depressive disorder develops an alcohol disorder at some point during his / her life. A crucial link between depression and hepatic disease seems to be inflammatory processes in which the microbiome and increased intestinal permeability of the intestine play a pivotal role. Depression as well as liver disease, alcohol consumption, stress, and aging processes disturb the delicate balance of intestinal microbiota resulting in increased intestinal permeability. Therefore, bacteria or their metabolites such as the endotoxine lipopolysaccharide are able to reach the blood circulation resulting in inflammation in the liver as well as in the brain via a cytokine cascade, which in turn can lead to liver changes, depression, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, liver values, blood glucose levels, and metabolic parameters should be closely monitored in patients with depressive disorders, and in the case of patients with hepatic diseases, increased attention should be given to depressive symptoms, diabetes and obesity.

Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology-Based Approaches to Explore the Potential Mechanism of the Antidepressant Effect of Cyperi Rhizoma through Soothing the Liver

“…erefore, LPS is often used to establish animal models of inflammation or MDD. When reaching the blood circulation following intestinal permeability change, LPS causes liver and brain inflammation via a cytokine cascade, which subsequently leads to liver changes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome to mediate MDD [11]. Since the liver is responsible for the clearance of LPS in blood, the enhanced response of the liver to LPS may contribute to the attenuation of inflammation and MDD [42].…”

“…e rate of depression in chronic liver disease is higher than that of the general population [54]. Every third patient with liver cirrhosis or hepatitis shows depressive symptoms [11]. A crucial link between MDD and liver disorder seems to be inflammatory processes.…”

“…Although the mechanism of diabetes-induced MDD is not completely understood, metabolic disorders, such as persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetes, can change the function, neurochemistry, or structure of the brain to mediate MDD [10]. LPS and glucose metabolism are closely related to the liver, a central organ for systemic metabolism [11]. e liver is responsible for the clearance of LPS in the blood [12].…”

Shuganheweitang Ameliorates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway: Involvement of Amino Acids, Glycerophospholipids, and Energy Metabolism

“…The liver is an essential organ of systemic metabolism and plays a critical role in regulating ketone bodies, lipid metabolism, systemic glucose, and insulin homeostasis [11] [12]. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may have an im-portant role in the relationship between the hypothalamus and the liver in depression [13]. Pro-inflammatory cytokines released from the liver can, in turn, influence the development of neuropathy [14].…”

Lithium-Therapie: Suizidalität und neurobiologische Wirkung

“…Ein neuer Untersuchungsansatz ist die Aufschlüsselung von Veränderungen des Darm-Mikrobioms bei psychischen Erkrankungen. Kahl und Kollegen zeigen in einer Übersicht in dieser Ausgabe, dass Depressionen, Lebererkrankungen, Alkoholkonsum, Stress und Altersprozesse das empfindliche Gleichgewicht der Darmmikrobiota verschieben und aufgrund einer erhöhten Darm-Permeabilität zu Entzündungsprozessen sowohl in der Leber als auch im Gehirn führen können [9]. Auch bei Anorexia Nervosa konnten Mörkl und Kollegen zeigen, dass die Alpha-Diversität, die die Anzahl von Bakterienarten im Darm repräsentiert, bei Anorexia Nervosa Patientinnen vermindert ist, und dadurch die Kalorienaufnahme zusätzlich negativ beeinflusst werden kann [10].…”