Depression Treatment and Satisfaction in a Multicultural Sample of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To assess rates of depressive symptoms, depression treatment, and satisfaction in a multicultural sample of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study was conducted with a cross-sectional community-based survey design. RESULTS—The sample (n = 221) was predominantly female (60.3%), had type 2 diabetes (75%), and was middle class with a mean (±SD) age of 54 ± 12 years. A total of 53% were white. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) (mean 16.4 ± 11.3). Using conservative thresholds (CESD score ≥22), 25.3% of participants reported clinically significant depression. Rates of depression did not differ by ethnic group or diabetes type. The majority (76%) of depressed participants reported treatment (52% antidepressants, 63% mental health providers, 19% alternative healers, and 15% herbal remedies). African Americans were less likely to report any depression treatment, to receive antidepressant medications, or receive treatment from a mental health professional compared with whites. Participants with high depressive symptoms reported general satisfaction with depression treatment experiences. CONCLUSIONS—High rates of depressive symptoms were observed across ethnic groups, yet significant differences in use of depression treatment existed across ethnic groups. Those seeking depression treatment reported satisfaction with a variety of depression treatment modalities. Increased depression screening and treatment may be beneficial for ethnically diverse patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Clinical Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes in a Binational Border Population

“…5 Specifically, the prevalence rate of clinical depressive symptoms among South Texas respondents in our study was also higher than those reported in studies conducted with older Mexican Americans in Southwestern states (25.6% to 31.1%) 40,41 or Hispanic adult patients (31.6%), 6,23 but similar to a study with Hispanic women in South Florida (40.6%). 24 In the case of our border sample from the Mexican side, the clinical depressive symptoms prevalence rate found was similar to previous studies conducted in Central Mexico (37.91% to 39%) 25,42 but inconsistent with another study from Mexico City (46%).…”

A Systematic Review of the Relationship of Diabetes Mellitus, Depression, and Missed Appointments in a Low-Income Uninsured Population

“…The need for longitudinal studies was a frequently repeated recommendation by several researchers (Ciechanowski et al, 2000;De Groot et al, 2006;Finkelstein et al, 2003). Many researchers recommend further studies to determine the effectiveness of the treatment of depression on the cost and burden of diabetes care (Egede et al, 2002;Katon et al, 2004;Lin et al, 2004;Ludman et al, 2004;Simon et al, 2005).…”

Effects of a Multifaceted Psychiatric Intervention Targeted for the Complex Medically Ill: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The total CES-D score ranges from 0 to 60, a score >16 indicates a clinically relevant depression [34]. The overlaps with symptoms originating from a physical illness are limited; the CES-D has been proved to be a valid instrument in the physically ill [35], including patients with rheumatoid arthritis [36] and diabetes [37]. …”