Depression or Enhancement of Skin Reactivity by Inflammatory Processes in the Guinea Pig

Dp, Bruynzeel; M, von Blomberg-van der Flier; Wg, van Ketel; Rj, Scheper

doi:10.1159/000234842

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…By this simplified procedure undcsired stress and painful ulceration in the animals could be substan tially reduced. Moreover, background responses to the al lergens, known to be related to polyclonal activation in duced by FCA [29], were also reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Concomitant Nickel and Chromium Sensitization Model in the Guinea Pig

J²,

Boden³

et al. 1992

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Although nickel allergy is the most frequent contact hypersensitivity in man, reports on successful nickel sensitization in experimental animals are scarce. Chromium hypersensitivity, on the other hand, is readily induced in guinea pigs. In this study we set out to obtain reproducible nickel sensitization in guinea pigs, in order to establish an animal model for immunospecific tolerance and desensitization studies in which two non-cross-reacting metal allergens, chromium and nickel, could be studied simultaneously. Strong and reproducible sensitization to nickel was achieved by injecting low amounts of Freund’s complete adjuvant and nickel sulfate in a split-adjuvant procedure. Strong erythematous reactions were observed as early as 14 days after sensitization and could be elicited both by intradermal and open epicutaneous challenges. Optimal evaluation was with nickel sulfate administered epicutaneously in 40% dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance skin penetration. Hypersensitivity could be transferred with lymphocytes and not with serum. Sensitization procedures for nickel and chromium then could successfully be combined in a double sensitization procedure. With four different guinea pig strains no genetic restriction was observed for the induction of nickel or chromium sensitivity. However, for both metals a clear sex and age dependence was observed: female guinea pigs reached a higher degree of sensitization than males, whereas sensitization in young animals was relatively weak.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Concomitant Nickel and Chromium Sensitization Model in the Guinea Pig

J²,

Boden³

et al. 1992

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…3). Such cooperative effects have been described in the mouse CHS model (110), and there is evidence for the clinical relevance of such effects (111–113). In the case of irritants, one can envisage effects such as the facilitation of skin penetration, for example, by detergents.…”

Section: Gaps Of Knowledge and Their Practical Consequences For Immunmentioning

confidence: 95%

Contact dermatitis: from pathomechanisms to immunotoxicology

Martin

2012

Experimental Dermatology

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Contact allergens are small reactive chemicals. They cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) by activating the innate and adaptive immune system. Contact allergens are very peculiar because of their built-in autoadjuvanticity that allows them to trigger sterile inflammation following skin penetration. The innate inflammatory response involves the triggering of pattern recognition receptors either by direct chemical interaction with such receptors or by induction of endogenous activators. I discuss here the recent findings regarding prevalence and predisposition, the identification of innate immune and stress response mechanisms relevant for sensitization and the orchestration of the innate and adaptive immune response to contact allergens. Despite still significant gaps of knowledge, recent advances in our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of ACD can now be used for the development of causative treatment strategies and of in vitro alternatives to animal testing for the identification of contact allergens in immunotoxicology.

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“…A test which is negative at initial reading but positive at later reading -a 'found' reaction -may result from temporary hyporeactivity at the time of initial reading (1,(39)(40)(41)(42) but indicate allergy. Allergic patch test reactions may not quickly reach the level of a clinically visible reaction.…”

Section: Spillovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the excited skin syndrome: patch testing hyperirritable skin

Mitchell¹,

Maibach²

1997

Contact Dermatitis

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Inflammation-modulating phenomena (IMPs), humoral and cellular, fluctuate during the course of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis influencing irritability of the skin. The patch test procedure is a biological assay, a titration of responses to IMPs which can produce hyporeactivity or hyperirritability of the skin of patients who have dermatitis (PDs) and a single patch test is a 'snapshot' of the tempo of an evolving process. The excited skin syndrome (ESS) refers to hyperirritability from clinical and patch test dermatitis creating false-positive patch test reactions which are not reproducible when dermatitis and IMPs have subsided. During ESS, the threshold for irritancy decreases and irritant reactions increase. Patch test concentrations should be determined and ESS investigated in PDs having enhanced IMPs, not in 'normal' individuals, and if a patch test result is important to a patient the test should be performed more than once. Variable reproducibility is inherent in the patch test method, but ESS can be managed by appropriate testing and retesting, and search for relevance.

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Depression or Enhancement of Skin Reactivity by Inflammatory Processes in the Guinea Pig

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Development of a Concomitant Nickel and Chromium Sensitization Model in the Guinea Pig

Development of a Concomitant Nickel and Chromium Sensitization Model in the Guinea Pig

Contact dermatitis: from pathomechanisms to immunotoxicology

Managing the excited skin syndrome: patch testing hyperirritable skin

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