Depression of phagocytosis in mercenaria following chemical stress

Hemocyte functions and bacterial clearance affected in vivo by TBT and DBT in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

“…In the DBTexposed groups, while no significant differences were found before Day 18 in Expt 1, higher doses resulted in PA reduction, in both experiments. These results are in accordance with other studies using microscopic evaluation of PA of cells under chemical stress (Fries & Tripp 1980, Cheng 1988a, Grundy et al 1996. In contrast, when PA was measured spectrophotometrically, organotins produced a significant increase in phagocytosis.…”

Differential phagocytic ability of the circulating haemocyte types of the carpet shell clam Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca:Bivalvia)

“…Fries & Tripp (1980) noticed phagocytic ability in 100% of Mercenaria mercenaria haemocytes. Differences could be due to experimental procedures or to intrinsic properties of the bivalve species.…”

“…In the in vitro phagocytosis assays, 2 X 105 haemocytes were incubated in suspension with different particle stimulants for 1 h at room temperature (Fries & Tripp 1980), in Eppendorf tubes. The particle-to-haemocyte ratio was 5:l for zymosan, trophozoites and zoospores of Perkinsus atlanticusand 20:l for VP1.…”

Production of superoxides and nitric oxide generation in haemocytes of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk.) after exposure to cadmium: A possible involvement of Na+/H+ exchanger in the induction of cadmium toxic effects

“…Survival of bivalve molluscs is affected by metallic xenobiotics ability to alter functional immunosurveilance of haemocytes, such as viability [8][9][10], phagocytosis [11,12], aggregation [13] and adherence [14]. Alterations of immunosurveilance reported in bivalves molluscs exposed to metals, probably related with peroxidation of membrane lipids [15,16] and increase of ROS production [17], while other studies reported that haemocytes can adversely affected by cadmium (Cd) or other metallic contaminants [10,18,19].…”