Depression in Young Adults With Very Low Birth Weight

Räikkönen, Katri; Pesonen, Anu-Katriina; Heinonen, Kati; Kajantie, Eero; Hovi, Petteri; Järvenpää, Anna‐Liisa; Eriksson, Johan G.; Andersson, Sture

doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.40

Cited by 130 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…In multivariable analysis, in Ribeirão Preto, the association between low birth weight and the presence of depressive symptoms remained significant even after adjusting for preterm birth, indicating that intrauterine growth restriction rather than preterm birth might explain this association. Similar results were found in a study in Helsinki [43], where intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was also identified as a risk factor for depression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children

et al. 2012

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BackgroundFew studies have been conducted on the association between perinatal and early life factors with childhood depression and results are conflicting. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in children aged 7 to 11 years from two Brazilian birth cohorts.MethodsThe study was conducted on 1444 children whose data were collected at birth and at school age, in 1994 and 2004/2005 in Ribeirao Preto, where they were aged 10–11 years and in 1997/98 and 2005/06 in São Luís, where children were aged 7–9 years. Depressive symptoms were investigated with the Child Depression Inventory(CDI), categorized as yes (score ≥ 20) and no (score < 20). Adjusted and non-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression with robust estimation of the standard errors.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 3.9% (95%CI = 2.5-5.4) in Ribeirão Preto and 13.7% (95%CI = 11.0-16.4) in São Luís. In the adjusted analysis, in Ribeirão Preto, low birth weight (PR = 3.98; 95%CI = 1.72-9.23), skilled and semi-skilled manual occupation (PR = 5.30; 95%CI = 1.14-24.76) and unskilled manual occupation and unemployment (PR = 6.65; 95%CI = 1.16-38.03) of the household head were risk factors for depressive symptoms. In São Luís, maternal schooling of 0–4 years (PR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.31-4.34) and of 5 to 8 years (PR = 1.80; 95%CI = 1.08-3.01), and paternal age <20 years (PR = 1.92; 95%CI = 1.02-3.61), were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was much higher in the less developed city, São Luís, than in the more developed city, Ribeirão Preto, and than those reported in several international studies. Low socioeconomic level was associated with depressive symptoms in both cohorts. Low paternal age was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in the less developed city, São Luís, whereas low birth weight was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in the more developed city, Ribeirão Preto.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children

et al. 2012

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“…Some studies suggest that the increased risk for mental disorders associated with preterm birth may characterize especially those preterm individuals who were born small for gestational age [SGA; defined as birth size at 42 standard deviations (S.D.s) or below the 5th or 10th percentile of that predicted by their gestational age; Laursen et al 2007;Räikkönen et al 2008;Strang-Karlsson et al 2008;Monfils Gustafsson et al 2009]. In fact, previous studies have shown that at least until young adulthood, individuals born SGA are at increased risk of severe mental disorders independently of their gestational age (Abel et al 2010;Niederkrotenthaler et al 2012;Nosarti et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late preterm birth, post-term birth, and abnormal fetal growth as risk factors for severe mental disorders from early to late adulthood

et al. 2014

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“…They range from general learning problems [7], [17] to an increased risk for depression [18], schizophrenia [19], anxiety, attention and hyperactivity disorders [20]. Additionally, a reduced brain volume has been found in these children ([11], [21], see also [22]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Allopurinol Treatment during the Last Trimester of Pregnancy in Sows: Effects on Low and Normal Birth Weight Offspring

et al. 2014

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Low-birth-weight (LBW) children are born with several risk factors for disease, morbidity and neonatal mortality, even if carried to term. Placental insufficiency leading to hypoxemia and reduced nutritional supply is the main cause for LBW. Brain damage and poor neurological outcome can be the consequence. LBW after being carried to term gives better chances for survival, but these children are still at risk for poor health and the development of cognitive impairments. Preventive therapies are not yet available. We studied the risk/efficacy of chronic prenatal treatment with the anti-oxidative drug allopurinol, as putative preventive treatment in piglets. LBW piglets served as a natural model for LBW. A cognitive holeboard test was applied to study the learning and memory abilities of these allopurinol treated piglets after weaning. Preliminary analysis of the plasma concentrations in sows and their piglets suggested that a daily dose of 15 mg.kg−1 resulted in effective plasma concentration of allopurinol in piglets. No adverse effects of chronic allopurinol treatment were found on farrowing, birth weight, open field behavior, learning abilities, relative brain, hippocampus and spleen weights. LBW piglets showed increased anxiety levels in an open field test, but cognitive performance was not affected by allopurinol treatment. LBW animals treated with allopurinol showed the largest postnatal compensatory body weight gain. In contrast to a previous study, no differences in learning abilities were found between LBW and normal-birth-weight piglets. This discrepancy might be attributable to experimental differences. Our results indicate that chronic prenatal allopurinol treatment during the third trimester of pregnancy is safe, as no adverse side effects were observed. Compensatory weight gain of treated piglets is a positive indication for the chronic prenatal use of allopurinol in these animals. Further studies are needed to assess the possible preventive effects of allopurinol on brain functions in LBW piglets.

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Depression in Young Adults With Very Low Birth Weight

Abstract: This is the first study (to our knowledge) to show that intrauterine growth pattern may modify associations between VLBW and depression. Intrauterine growth retardation rather than VLBW per se may pose a risk of depression in young adulthood.

Cited by 130 publications

References 37 publications

Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children

Perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in Brazilian children

Late preterm birth, post-term birth, and abnormal fetal growth as risk factors for severe mental disorders from early to late adulthood

Chronic Allopurinol Treatment during the Last Trimester of Pregnancy in Sows: Effects on Low and Normal Birth Weight Offspring

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